{"doi":"10.3390/pathogens11121504","title":"Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients in Busia County Referral Hospital, Kenya","abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen associated with hospital, community, and livestock-acquired infections, with the ability to develop resistance to antibiotics. Nasal carriage by hospital inpatients is a risk for opportunistic infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, virulence genes and genetic population structure of S. aureus nasal isolates, from inpatients at Busia County Referral Hospital (BCRH) were analyzed. A total of 263 inpatients were randomly sampled, from May to July 2015. The majority of inpatients (85.9%) were treated empirically with antimicrobials, including ceftriaxone (65.8%) and metronidazole (49.8%). Thirty S. aureus isolates were cultured from 29 inpatients with a prevalence of 11% (10.3% methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 0.8% methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA)). Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was highest to penicillin-G (96.8%), trimethoprim (73.3%), and tetracycline (13.3%) with 20% of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. Virulence genes, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1), and sasX gene were detected in 16.7%, 23.3% and 3.3% of isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed 4 predominant clonal complexes CC152, CC8, CC80, and CC508. This study has identified that inpatients of BCRH were carriers of S. aureus harbouring virulence genes and resistance to a range of antibiotics. This may indicate a public health risk to other patients and the community.","journal":"Pathogens","year":2022,"id":280527,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9442,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":911567,"name":"Elizabeth A. J. Cook","orcid":"0000-0001-6081-8363","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":68394,"name":"Eric M. Fèvre","orcid":"0000-0001-8931-4986","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911563,"name":"L C Bebora","orcid":"0000-0001-8573-5345","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912005,"name":"William Ogara","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":335300,"name":"Shuhua Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-8825-8027","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311360,"name":"Wondwossen A. Gebreyes","orcid":"0000-0003-1885-3952","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346536,"name":"Ronald Ngetich","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":955436,"name":"Dolphine Wandede","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":955437,"name":"Johnstone Muyodi","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911565,"name":"Beth Blane","orcid":"0000-0002-0996-9091","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911566,"name":"Francesc Coll","orcid":"0000-0002-7882-2325","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":756270,"name":"Ewan M. Harrison","orcid":"0000-0003-2720-0507","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":594764,"name":"Sharon J. Peacock","orcid":"0000-0002-1718-2782","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911564,"name":"George C. Gitao","orcid":"0000-0001-6098-1902","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912003,"name":"Benear Apollo Obanda","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":81,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:03.247347Z","pmid":"36558838","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}