{"doi":"10.3390/pathogens10091192","title":"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Enhances HIV-1 Accumulation and Release in Primary Cervical Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Lysosomal Activity","abstract":"Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is one of the most widely used contraceptives in the world. Epidemiologic studies have uncovered a possible link between the use of MPA and an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. However, the understanding of the mechanism is still limited. Our previous publication demonstrated that the lysosomal activity in human vaginal epithelial cells attenuated the trafficking of viral particles during HIV-1 transcytosis. In this study, we show that treating human primary cervical epithelial cells with MPA led to a reduction in lysosomal activity. This reduction caused an increase in the intracellular HIV-1 accumulation and, consequently, an increase in viral release. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which MPA enhances HIV-1 release in primary cervical epithelial cells, thus providing vital information for HIV intervention and prevention.","journal":"Pathogens","year":2021,"id":211286,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9547,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":801188,"name":"Qiujia Shao","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801189,"name":"Ahsen R. Chaudhry","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801190,"name":"Ballington L. Kinlock","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":330395,"name":"Michael G. Izban","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513407,"name":"Hongying Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-8132-5090","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374803,"name":"Fernando Villalta","orcid":"0000-0002-6232-0574","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":464686,"name":"James E. K. Hildreth","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800695,"name":"Bindong Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-1614-2228","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801187,"name":"Xiang-Xu Jia","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":69,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:20.112538Z","pmid":"34578224","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}