{"doi":"10.3390/nu9070703","title":"n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Metabolic Syndrome Risk: A Meta-Analysis","abstract":"<jats:p>The associations between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk have demonstrated inconsistent results. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher circulating n-3 PUFAs and dietary n-3 PUFAs intake have a protective effect on MetS risk. A systematic literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted up to March 2017. Odd ratios (ORs) from case-control and cross-sectional studies were combined using a random-effects model for the highest versus lowest category. The differences of n-3 PUFAs between healthy subjects and patients with MetS were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Seven case-control and 20 cross-sectional studies were included. A higher plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs was associated with a lower MetS risk (Pooled OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.81). The plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs in controls was significantly higher than cases (WMD: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.43), especially docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, no significant association was found between dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish and MetS risk. The present study provides substantial evidence of a higher circulating n-3 PUFAs associated with a lower MetS risk. The circulating n-3 PUFAs can be regarded as biomarkers indicating MetS risk, especially DPA and DHA.</jats:p>","journal":"Nutrients","year":2017,"id":610828,"datarank":0.6732954554598211,"base_score":4.48863636973214,"endowment":4.48863636973214,"self_citation_contribution":0.6732954554598211,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6732954554598211,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":88,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":801787,"name":"Xin Li","orcid":"0000-0002-8779-125X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1570646,"name":"Meiqi Shi","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911643,"name":"Duo Li","orcid":"0000-0001-5227-5565","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1570645,"name":"Xiao-fei Guo","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Metabolic Syndrome Risk: A Meta-Analysis","abstract":"The associations between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk have demonstrated inconsistent results. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher circulating n-3 PUFAs and dietary n-3 PUFAs intake have a protective effect on MetS risk. A systematic literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted up to March 2017. Odd ratios (ORs) from case-control and cross-sectional studies were combined using a random-effects model for the highest versus lowest category. The differences of n-3 PUFAs between healthy subjects and patients with MetS were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Seven case-control and 20 cross-sectional studies were included. A higher plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs was associated with a lower MetS risk (Pooled OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.81). The plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs in controls was significantly higher than cases (WMD: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.43), especially docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, no significant association was found between dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish and MetS risk. The present study provides substantial evidence of a higher circulating n-3 PUFAs associated with a lower MetS risk. The circulating n-3 PUFAs can be regarded as biomarkers indicating MetS risk, especially DPA and DHA.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.48863636973214,"endowment":4.48863636973214,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"28684692","pmcid":"PMC5537818","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2724782399","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.9543,"citation_percentile":0.84473684,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":9},{"year":2019,"count":18},{"year":2020,"count":8},{"year":2021,"count":15},{"year":2022,"count":7},{"year":2023,"count":14},{"year":2024,"count":12},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/703/pdf?version=1499351027","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/703/pdf?version=1499351027","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070703","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28684692","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/7991614515cc4317a4ccc79a9ebe99dc","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5537818","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9070703","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5537818","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5537818?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Fatty Acid Research and Health","Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology","Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors"],"mesh_terms":["Humans","Risk Factors","Fatty Acids, Omega-3","Odds Ratio","Metabolic Syndrome"],"keywords":["Docosapentaenoic acid","Polyunsaturated fatty acid","Docosahexaenoic acid","Metabolic syndrome","Medicine","Meta-analysis","Internal medicine","Fish oil","Eicosapentaenoic acid","Endocrinology","Fatty acid","Biology","Fish <Actinopterygii>","Biochemistry","Obesity","N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-01T11:45:28.298830Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}