{"doi":"10.3390/nu18091429","title":"Fatty Acids and Their Roles in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology: Mechanistic and Interventional Studies","abstract":"<jats:p>Fatty acids serve dual roles in cardiac physiology: as energy substrates and as precursors of bioactive lipid mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, oxylipins) from n-3/n-6 PUFAs that regulate inflammation, thrombosis, and remodeling. Saturated, monounsaturated, and trans fatty acids modulate metabolism and membrane function, thereby shaping these pathways. Clinically, n-3 long-chain PUFAs (EPA and DHA) reduce cardiovascular mortality and aid postischemic remodeling; however, high doses increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. By contrast, trans and saturated fatty acids promote dyslipidemia, dysfunction, and higher rates of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Mechanistically, fatty acid uptake via FABPpm, CD36 (FAT), and FATPs, along with β-oxidation and PPAR signaling, regulates metabolism, while COX/LOX/CYP pathways generate eicosanoids and resolvins that influence inflammation and repair. This review synthesizes evidence on the roles of fatty acids and oxylipins in lipotoxicity, heart failure, ischemia–reperfusion, and arrhythmias, and evaluates dietary and supplemental interventions to optimize cardiac lipid metabolism, aligning with fatty acid signaling.</jats:p>","journal":"Nutrients","year":2026,"id":665154,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1736890,"name":"Prasenjit Bhowmik","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1736891,"name":"Premanjali Chowdhury","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1707976,"name":"Asim K. Duttaroy","orcid":"0000-0003-1619-3778","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1736889,"name":"Rahul Mallick","orcid":"0000-0002-4065-3474","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Fatty Acids and Their Roles in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology: Mechanistic and Interventional Studies","abstract":"<jats:p>Fatty acids serve dual roles in cardiac physiology: as energy substrates and as precursors of bioactive lipid mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, oxylipins) from n-3/n-6 PUFAs that regulate inflammation, thrombosis, and remodeling. Saturated, monounsaturated, and trans fatty acids modulate metabolism and membrane function, thereby shaping these pathways. Clinically, n-3 long-chain PUFAs (EPA and DHA) reduce cardiovascular mortality and aid postischemic remodeling; however, high doses increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. By contrast, trans and saturated fatty acids promote dyslipidemia, dysfunction, and higher rates of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Mechanistically, fatty acid uptake via FABPpm, CD36 (FAT), and FATPs, along with β-oxidation and PPAR signaling, regulates metabolism, while COX/LOX/CYP pathways generate eicosanoids and resolvins that influence inflammation and repair. This review synthesizes evidence on the roles of fatty acids and oxylipins in lipotoxicity, heart failure, ischemia–reperfusion, and arrhythmias, and evaluates dietary and supplemental interventions to optimize cardiac lipid metabolism, aligning with fatty acid signaling.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"42124031","pmcid":"PMC13165358","openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091429","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/9/1429/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13165358/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13165358","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13165358?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":["Myocardium","Heart","Animals","Humans","Cardiovascular Diseases","Fatty Acids, Omega-3","Fatty Acids","Signal Transduction","Lipid Metabolism","Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators"],"keywords":["Fatty acids","Cardiovascular diseases","Lipotoxicity","Cardiac Metabolism","N-3 Fatty Acids","Dietary Interventions","Cardiac Physiology","Trans Fats"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-13T07:45:50.554042Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}