{"doi":"10.3390/nu18010003","title":"Associations Between Dietary Intakes of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Blood Levels, and Pain Interference in People with Migraine: A Path Analysis of Randomized Trial Data","abstract":"Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary intervention can improve pain among individuals with headaches, including migraine, a highly prevalent condition that can be disabling. Non-pharmacologic treatments for migraine are particularly attractive. In this secondary analysis of 182 participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a dietary intervention designed to increase omega-3 (n-3) compared with a control diet, we examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both thought to decrease inflammatory processes. Methods: Path models with two time points (baseline and 16 weeks after randomization), were used to test the relationships between exposures of n-3 blood levels and self-reported dietary intake on outcomes of pain interference using the PROMIS pain interference scale and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). Model building was based on our published conceptual model. Results: Good fit was demonstrated for both models (EPA model: CFI = 0.984, RMSEA = 0.039, and SRMR = 0.045; DHA model: CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.040, and SRMR = 0.040). Both EPA and DHA in the blood at 16 weeks were associated with lower levels of pain interference, but the effect for EPA was stronger (B = −0.56, p < 0.001 for EPA, and B = −0.43, p = 0.057 for DHA). Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with an indirect pathway linking diet to pain interference through blood levels of EPA and DHA in migraine.","journal":"Nutrients","year":2025,"id":585800,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9621,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1002906,"name":"Zachary O. Kadro","orcid":"0000-0003-3894-9804","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638105,"name":"Gilson Honvoh","orcid":"0000-0002-7041-4052","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420399,"name":"Anthony F. Domenichiello","orcid":"0000-0003-4808-8403","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420405,"name":"Christopher E. Ramsden","orcid":"0000-0002-4058-7630","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420404,"name":"Keturah R. Faurot","orcid":"0000-0001-6122-7821","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449337,"name":"Vanessa Miller","orcid":"0000-0003-3537-649X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1499644,"name":"J.Y. Park","orcid":"0000-0003-3653-8905","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:24.273134Z","pmid":"41515121","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}