{"doi":"10.3390/nu14071333","title":"Omega-3/Omega-6 Long-Chain Fatty Acid Imbalance in Phase I Retinopathy of Prematurity","abstract":"There is a gap in understanding the effect of the essential ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on Phase I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which precipitates proliferative ROP. Postnatal hyperglycemia contributes to Phase I ROP by delaying retinal vascularization. In mouse neonates with hyperglycemia-associated Phase I retinopathy, dietary ω-3 (vs. ω-6 LCPUFA) supplementation promoted retinal vessel development. However, ω-6 (vs. ω-3 LCPUFA) was also developmentally essential, promoting neuronal growth and metabolism as suggested by a strong metabolic shift in almost all types of retinal neuronal and glial cells identified with single-cell transcriptomics. Loss of adiponectin (APN) in mice (mimicking the low APN levels in Phase I ROP) decreased LCPUFA levels (including ω-3 and ω-6) in retinas under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. ω-3 (vs. ω-6) LCPUFA activated the APN pathway by increasing the circulating APN levels and inducing expression of the retinal APN receptor. Our findings suggested that both ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA are crucial in protecting against retinal neurovascular dysfunction in a Phase I ROP model; adequate ω-6 LCPUFA levels must be maintained in addition to ω-3 supplementation to prevent retinopathy. Activation of the APN pathway may further enhance the ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA's protection against ROP.","journal":"Nutrients","year":2022,"id":248017,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9563,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":33173,"name":"Wenjun Yan","orcid":"0000-0003-3568-4265","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279640,"name":"Chuck T. Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-1099-4198","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":527423,"name":"Anders Nilsson","orcid":"0000-0003-3631-0783","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655441,"name":"Edward Bull","orcid":"0000-0001-7848-6440","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655442,"name":"William E. Allen","orcid":"0000-0001-6526-9965","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350221,"name":"Jay Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-0790-7951","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":887459,"name":"Minji Ko","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428138,"name":"John Paul SanGiovanni","orcid":"0000-0001-7199-7053","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":726196,"name":"James D. Akula","orcid":"0000-0001-8049-1812","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":290716,"name":"Saswata Talukdar","orcid":"0000-0003-3042-0025","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":290714,"name":"Ann Hellström","orcid":"0000-0002-9259-1244","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":90501,"name":"Lois E. H. Smith","orcid":"0000-0001-7644-6410","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279636,"name":"Zhongjie Fu","orcid":"0000-0002-8182-2983","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":83,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:24:09.893688Z","pmid":"35405946","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}