{"doi":"10.3390/nu13092946","title":"Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on the Nutritional Parameters of Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on biochemical parameters and nutritional status has been the subject of debate over the years, as several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) obtained different results. Method: A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs comparing KD with a balanced diet was performed by means of a search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Trials where the method for measuring the response variables was unclear, those that considered pathologies other than chronic non-communicable diseases and those with participants receiving pharmacological treatment for obesity were excluded from the comparison. Results: Of the studies included in the meta-analysis, no statistically significant standardized mean differences were observed for body mass index (BMI) (d = −0.457, p = 0.359), total cholesterol, COL-T (d = 0.230, p = 0.591), high-density lipoprotein, HDL (d = −0.028, p = 0.934), low-density lipoprotein, LDL (d = 0.528, p = 0.173), or triglycerides, TG (d = −0.283, p = 0.222), with high values of heterogeneity. The percentage of women included in the studies is a significant moderating variable in terms of BMI ratio (z = −6.68, p &lt; 0.001) and TG (z = −2.27, p = 0.023). Conclusion: A KD shows no more benefits on nutritional parameters than a balanced diet, and adverse effects of being on the diet are sometimes reported.</jats:p>","journal":"Nutrients","year":2021,"id":627632,"datarank":0.49983067652628066,"base_score":3.332204510175204,"endowment":3.332204510175204,"self_citation_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":6,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":217457,"name":"Salvador Chacón-Moscoso","orcid":"0000-0002-6401-7384","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":217458,"name":"Susana Sanduvete-Chaves","orcid":"0000-0001-8568-6168","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1624532,"name":"María José Ortega-Maureira","orcid":"0000-0001-8036-2121","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1624533,"name":"Tamara Barrientos-Bravo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1624530,"name":"Miguel Ángel López-Espinoza","orcid":"0000-0001-7865-634X","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on the Nutritional Parameters of Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on biochemical parameters and nutritional status has been the subject of debate over the years, as several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) obtained different results. Method: A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of RCTs comparing KD with a balanced diet was performed by means of a search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Trials where the method for measuring the response variables was unclear, those that considered pathologies other than chronic non-communicable diseases and those with participants receiving pharmacological treatment for obesity were excluded from the comparison. Results: Of the studies included in the meta-analysis, no statistically significant standardized mean differences were observed for body mass index (BMI) (d = −0.457, p = 0.359), total cholesterol, COL-T (d = 0.230, p = 0.591), high-density lipoprotein, HDL (d = −0.028, p = 0.934), low-density lipoprotein, LDL (d = 0.528, p = 0.173), or triglycerides, TG (d = −0.283, p = 0.222), with high values of heterogeneity. The percentage of women included in the studies is a significant moderating variable in terms of BMI ratio (z = −6.68, p &lt; 0.001) and TG (z = −2.27, p = 0.023). Conclusion: A KD shows no more benefits on nutritional parameters than a balanced diet, and adverse effects of being on the diet are sometimes reported.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.332204510175204,"endowment":3.332204510175204,"datacite_reuse_total":6,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34578824","pmcid":"PMC8467306","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3195262468","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico","grant_id":"1190945","title":null},{"funder_name":"Junta de Andalucía","grant_id":"US-1263096","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.1686,"citation_percentile":0.74789474,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":8},{"year":2024,"count":9},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/2946/pdf?version=1630044525","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/2946/pdf?version=1630044525","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/2946/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092946","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34578824","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://idus.us.es/handle//11441/125196","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad615da1384242d69b86bdb67ae27aa8","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8467306","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092946","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8467306","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8467306","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8467306?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Diet and metabolism studies","Diet, Metabolism, and Disease","Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease","Body Mass Index","Cholesterol","Diet, Ketogenic","Female","Humans","Lipids","Lipoproteins","Male","Nutritional Status","Obesity","Triglycerides"],"mesh_terms":["Cholesterol","Female","Humans","Lipids","Lipoproteins","Male","Nutritional Status","Obesity","Triglycerides","Body Mass Index","Diet, Ketogenic"],"keywords":["Meta-analysis","Medicine","Ketogenic diet","Internal medicine","Cochrane Library","Randomized controlled trial","Body mass index","Obesity","Adverse effect","Endocrinology","Gastroenterology","Epilepsy","Systematic review","Kd"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Zero hunger"}],"linked_datasets":[{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.20365000.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Effect of acute ketosis on lipid profile in prediabetes: findings from a cross-over randomized controlled trial","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.20365000","title":"Additional file 1 of Effect of acute ketosis on lipid profile in prediabetes: findings from a cross-over randomized controlled trial","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.23208013.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.23208013","title":"Additional file 1 of Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.23208016.v1","title":"Additional file 2 of Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.23208016","title":"Additional file 2 of Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"}],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T18:15:31.016445Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}