{"doi":"10.3390/mps4010020","title":"RNA In Situ Hybridization for Detecting Gene Expression Patterns in the Abdomens and Wings of Drosophila Species","abstract":"RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) is used to visualize spatio-temporal gene expression patterns with broad applications in biology and biomedicine. Here we provide a protocol for mRNA ISH in developing pupal wings and abdomens for model and non-model Drosophila species. We describe best practices in pupal staging, tissue preparation, probe design and synthesis, imaging of gene expression patterns, and image-editing techniques. This protocol has been successfully used to investigate the roles of genes underlying the evolution of novel color patterns in non-model Drosophila species.","journal":"Methods and Protocols","year":2021,"id":200983,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9546,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":451577,"name":"Tessa E. Steenwinkel","orcid":"0000-0002-3949-930X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451575,"name":"William Dion","orcid":"0000-0002-7697-9433","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":779797,"name":"Nathan Randal Ostlund","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451578,"name":"Komal Kumar Bollepogu Raja","orcid":"0000-0001-7538-9805","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451580,"name":"Thomas Werner","orcid":"0000-0002-8865-365X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451576,"name":"Mujeeb O. Shittu","orcid":"0000-0002-7136-0308","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:52.535403Z","pmid":"33801802","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}