{"doi":"10.3390/microorganisms9051109","title":"Amino Acid Residues Involved in Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by Influenza A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 PA-X","abstract":"The influenza A virus (IAV) PA-X protein is a virulence factor that selectively degrades host mRNAs leading to protein shutoff. This function modulates host inflammation, antiviral responses, cell apoptosis, and pathogenesis. In this work we describe a novel approach based on the use of bacteria and plasmid encoding of the PA-X gene under the control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter to identify amino acid residues important for A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1 PA-X's shutoff activity. Using this system, we have identified PA-X mutants encoding single or double amino acid changes, which diminish its host shutoff activity, as well as its ability to counteract interferon responses upon viral infection. This novel bacteria-based approach could be used for the identification of viral proteins that inhibit host gene expression as well as the amino acid residues responsible for inhibition of host gene expression.","journal":"Microorganisms","year":2021,"id":199096,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9487,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":2423,"name":"Luis Martínez‐Sobrido","orcid":"0000-0001-7084-0804","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364881,"name":"Aitor Nogales","orcid":"0000-0002-2424-7900","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456493,"name":"Marta L. DeDiego","orcid":"0000-0002-7888-7372","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277648,"name":"Kevin Chiem","orcid":"0000-0002-3892-5944","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:36.595945Z","pmid":"34065592","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}