{"doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14040844","title":"HIV Reservoirs Across Multiple Tissues: From Heterogeneous Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targeting","abstract":"<jats:p>Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists in diverse tissue reservoirs that pose major barriers to a cure. This review examines the heterogeneous maintenance mechanisms of HIV reservoirs in lymph nodes, intestinal mucosa, and the central nervous system (CNS). It analyzes how distinct tissue microenvironments—including immune-privileged niches, specialized cellular subsets, and local signaling networks—govern viral persistence and latency. Lymph nodes function as a dynamic hub interconnected with systemic reservoirs; the intestinal mucosa represents a site shaped by barrier integrity, microbial translocation, and mucosal immunity; the CNS constitutes a compartmentalized sanctuary protected by the blood–brain barrier. The review further discusses tissue-specific antiretroviral drug penetration and targeted clearance strategies, providing a foundation for developing multi-site intervention approaches toward HIV cure.</jats:p>","journal":"Microorganisms","year":2026,"id":609971,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1568055,"name":"Gong-Wang Lan","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1568056,"name":"Lin-Ying Jiang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":928785,"name":"Xin Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-8980-7032","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1568054,"name":"Ya-Lan Wu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"HIV Reservoirs Across Multiple Tissues: From Heterogeneous Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targeting","abstract":"<jats:p>Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists in diverse tissue reservoirs that pose major barriers to a cure. This review examines the heterogeneous maintenance mechanisms of HIV reservoirs in lymph nodes, intestinal mucosa, and the central nervous system (CNS). It analyzes how distinct tissue microenvironments—including immune-privileged niches, specialized cellular subsets, and local signaling networks—govern viral persistence and latency. Lymph nodes function as a dynamic hub interconnected with systemic reservoirs; the intestinal mucosa represents a site shaped by barrier integrity, microbial translocation, and mucosal immunity; the CNS constitutes a compartmentalized sanctuary protected by the blood–brain barrier. The review further discusses tissue-specific antiretroviral drug penetration and targeted clearance strategies, providing a foundation for developing multi-site intervention approaches toward HIV cure.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"42075241","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7152766046","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"32460043","title":null},{"funder_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","grant_id":"20242BAB25538","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.39598662,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14040844","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14040844","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/14/4/844/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42075241","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/22c22bcfc4044dcc8ae9d74adea3999a","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13119215/","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["HIV Research and Treatment","HIV-related health complications and treatments","Immunotherapy and Immune Responses"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","Antiretroviral therapy","Central nervous system","Lymph","Lentivirus","Systemic circulation","Antiretroviral treatment"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-31T18:04:44.396464Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}