{"doi":"10.3390/microorganisms11112777","title":"Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E","abstract":"Repurposing vitamins as antiviral supporting agents is a rapid approach used to control emerging viral infections. Although there is considerable evidence supporting the use of vitamin supplementation in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the specific role of each vitamin in defending against coronaviruses remains unclear. Antiviral activities of available vitamins on the infectivity and replication of human coronaviruses, namely, SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), were investigated using in silico and in vitro studies. We identified potential broad-spectrum inhibitor effects of Hydroxocobalamin and Methylcobalamin against the three tested CoVs. Cyanocobalamin could selectively affect SARS-CoV-2 but not MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E. Methylcobalamin showed significantly higher inhibition values on SARS-CoV-2 compared with Hydroxocobalamin and Cyanocobalamin, while Hydroxocobalamin showed the highest potent antiviral activity against MERS-CoV and Cyanocobalamin against HCoV-229E. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed for these promising vitamins to investigate their interaction with SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E viral-specific cell receptors (ACE2, DPP4, and hAPN protein, respectively) and viral proteins (S-RBD, 3CL pro, RdRp), suggesting that Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, and Cyanocobalamin may have significant binding affinity to these proteins. These results show that Methylcobalamin may have potential benefits for coronavirus-infected patients.","journal":"Microorganisms","year":2023,"id":351973,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9559,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":350548,"name":"Omnia Kutkat","orcid":"0000-0003-2256-2816","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1097056,"name":"Ahmed M. Osman","orcid":"0000-0002-9004-751X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350549,"name":"Mokhtar R. Gomaa","orcid":"0000-0001-7947-3609","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536557,"name":"Faten A. Okda","orcid":"0000-0001-6245-5391","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425466,"name":"Mohamed El Sayes","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424662,"name":"Mina Nabil Kamel","orcid":"0000-0002-9130-3079","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692392,"name":"Mohamed GabAllah","orcid":"0000-0001-9882-9199","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":349578,"name":"Ahmed Mostafa","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348310,"name":"Rabeh El‐Shesheny","orcid":"0000-0002-8798-2240","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348311,"name":"Ghazi Kayali","orcid":"0000-0002-5387-1622","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348312,"name":"Mohamed A. Ali","orcid":"0000-0002-5615-3212","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348308,"name":"Ahmed Kandeil","orcid":"0000-0003-3253-6961","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350547,"name":"Yassmin Moatasim","orcid":"0000-0003-2159-2511","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":82,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:12:45.897709Z","pmid":"38004788","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}