{"doi":"10.3390/mi13010131","title":"Perfusion System for Modification of Luminal Contents of Human Intestinal Organoids and Realtime Imaging Analysis of Microbial Populations","abstract":"Intestinal organoids are 3D cell structures that replicate some aspects of organ function and are organized with a polarized epithelium facing a central lumen. To enable more applications, new technologies are needed to access the luminal cavity and apical cell surface of organoids. We developed a perfusion system utilizing a double-barrel glass capillary with a pressure-based pump to access and modify the luminal contents of a human intestinal organoid for extended periods of time while applying cyclic cellular strain. Cyclic injection and withdrawal of fluorescent FITC-Dextran coupled with real-time measurement of fluorescence intensity showed discrete changes of intensity correlating with perfusion cycles. The perfusion system was also used to modify the lumen of organoids injected with GFP-expressing E. coli. Due to the low concentration and fluorescence of the E. coli, a novel imaging analysis method utilizing bacteria enumeration and image flattening was developed to monitor E. coli within the organoid. Collectively, this work shows that a double-barrel perfusion system provides constant luminal access and allows regulation of luminal contents and luminal mixing.","journal":"Micromachines","year":2022,"id":280163,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9542,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":954626,"name":"Raleigh Slyman","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":686776,"name":"Ge-Ah Kim","orcid":"0000-0001-6659-7039","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":427842,"name":"Eric Parigoris","orcid":"0000-0002-7533-2558","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584710,"name":"Sha Huang","orcid":"0000-0001-8419-0320","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":583836,"name":"Veda K. Yadagiri","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237252,"name":"Vincent B. Young","orcid":"0000-0003-3687-2364","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":28520,"name":"Jason R. Spence","orcid":"0000-0001-7869-3992","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282621,"name":"Shuichi Takayama","orcid":"0000-0002-4385-9080","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":954625,"name":"Nicholas J. Ginga","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":29,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:28:59.341002Z","pmid":"35056297","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}