{"doi":"10.3390/membranes11100781","title":"Optimization of Energy Efficiency, Operation Costs, Carbon Footprint and Ecological Footprint with Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Seawater Desalination Plants","abstract":"<jats:p>This article shows the optimization of the reverse osmosis process in seawater desalination plants, taking the example of the Canary Islands, where there are more than 320 units of different sizes, both private and public. The objective is to improve the energy efficiency of the system in order to save on operation costs as well as reduce the carbon and ecological footprints. Reverse osmosis membranes with higher surface area have lower energy consumption, as well as energy recovery systems to recover the brine pressure and introduce it in the system. Accounting for the operation, maintenance and handling of the membranes is also important in energy savings, in order to improve the energy efficiency. The energy consumption depends on the permeate water quality required and the model of the reverse osmosis membrane installed in the seawater desalination plant, as it is shown in this study.</jats:p>","journal":"Membranes","year":2021,"id":20287,"datarank":1.4534360163509152,"base_score":3.58351893845611,"endowment":3.58351893845611,"self_citation_contribution":0.5375278407684165,"citation_network_contribution":0.9159081755824987,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5375278407684165,"citer_contribution":0.9159081755824987,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":35,"citer_count":31,"citers_with_citation_signal":26,"citers_with_endowment":26,"datacite_reuse_total":8,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":134644,"name":"Alejandro Ramos","orcid":"0000-0001-5759-4469","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":134645,"name":"Sebastian O. Perez-Baez","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":134643,"name":"Federico Leon","orcid":"0000-0003-2284-8400","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.58351893845611,"endowment":3.58351893845611,"datacite_reuse_total":8,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34677547","pmcid":"PMC8549010","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3205228874","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.2468,"citation_percentile":0.87135736,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":8},{"year":2024,"count":8},{"year":2025,"count":10},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/781/pdf?version=1634202959","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/781/pdf?version=1634202959","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/781/pdf?version=1634202959","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/781/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100781","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34677547","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10553/112222","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/580a15a6222b49248333117738b07765","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8549010","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100781","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8549010","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8549010","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8549010?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Membrane Separation Technologies","Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","Medicine","Environmental Science","Engineering"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Reverse osmosis","Desalination","Geothermal desalination","Environmental engineering","Energy consumption","Reverse osmosis plant","Environmental science","Seawater","Osmotic power","Carbon footprint","Efficient energy use","Process engineering","Waste management","Membrane","Forward osmosis","Engineering","Ecology","Chemistry","Greenhouse gas","Energy efficiency","Membranes"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"linked_datasets":[{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.26639476.v1","title":"Additional file 2 of What is the carbon footprint of reverse osmosis in water treatment plants? 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