{"doi":"10.3390/jpm14050448","title":"Automated Evaluation of Ellipsoid Zone At-Risk Burden for Detection of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy","abstract":"Background: Screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is crucial to detecting early disease. A novel machine-learning-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker, Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) At-Risk, can quantitatively measure EZ alterations and at-risk areas for progressive EZ loss in a fully automated fashion. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the EZ At-Risk burden in eyes with HCQ toxicity to eyes without toxicity. Methods: IRB-approved image analysis study of 83 subjects on HCQ and 44 age-matched normal subjects. SD-OCT images were reviewed for evidence of HCQ retinopathy. A ML-based, fully automatic measurement of the percentage of the macular area with EZ At-Risk was performed. Results: The mean age for HCQ subjects was 67.1 ± 13.2 years and 64.2 ± 14.3 years for normal subjects. The mean EZ At-Risk macular burden in the “toxic” group (n = 38) was significantly higher (10.7%) compared to the “non-toxic” group (n = 45; 2.2%; p = 0.023) and the “normal” group (1.4%; p = 0.012). Additionally, the amount of EZ At-Risk burden was significantly correlated with the HCQ dose based on the actual (p = 0.016) and ideal body weight (p = 0.033). Conclusions: The novel biomarker EZ-At Risk was significantly higher in subjects with evidence of HCQ retinopathy as well as significantly associated with HCQ dose. This novel biomarker should be further evaluated as a potential screening tool for subjects on HCQ.","journal":"Journal of Personalized Medicine","year":2024,"id":454430,"datarank":0.32958368660043297,"base_score":2.1972245773362196,"endowment":2.1972245773362196,"self_citation_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9603,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":743184,"name":"Gagan Kalra","orcid":"0000-0002-3367-3047","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":890435,"name":"Hasan Cetin","orcid":"0000-0001-9492-4957","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":891015,"name":"Yavuz Cakir","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":773778,"name":"Jon Whitney","orcid":"0000-0003-2637-752X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1277953,"name":"Jordan Budrevich","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":477959,"name":"Jamie Reese","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341327,"name":"Sunil K. Srivastava","orcid":"0000-0002-0398-8806","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341328,"name":"Justis P. Ehlers","orcid":"0000-0001-6763-7768","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":323240,"name":"Katherine E. Talcott","orcid":"0000-0003-0458-4181","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:07.923686Z","pmid":"38793030","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}