{"doi":"10.3390/jfb16040132","title":"Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Enhances Biological Effects of Fluoride on Oral Biofilms","abstract":"The objective of this study was an assessment of the anti-biofilm properties of fluoride non-thermal atmospheric plasma (FNTAP) generated using argon and hydrocarbon fluoride gas 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE). These properties were evaluated by measuring the destruction and recovery of in vitro dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis exposed to FNTAP at 5 or 10 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) or argon non-thermal atmospheric plasma (ArNTAP) for 1 or 2 min, using resazurin-based reagent viability assays, colony forming units (CFU), culture media pH and live/dead staining. Both ArNTAP and FNTAP resulted in significant immediate reductions in bacterial load as compared to the control. Although ArNTAP did not significantly reduce biofilm regrowth, FNTAP treatment showed a bacterial load reduction of more than 5 log units of biofilm regrowth. FNTAP treatments significantly reduced the acidification of the culture medium after recovery incubation, indicating reduced living bacteria, with a pH of 6.92 ± 0.02 and 6.90 ± 0.03, respectively, for the 5 sccm and 10 sccm FNTAP treatments, as compared to a pH of 5.83 ± 0.26 for the ArNTAP treatment, and a significantly acidic pH of 4.76 ± 0.04 for the no-treatment groups. Our results suggest that FNTAP has exceptional anti-biofilm effects, and future directions of our research include the assessment of potential applications of FNTAP in clinical settings.","journal":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","year":2025,"id":543655,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9639,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1433649,"name":"Isha Deol","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1433244,"name":"Sarah Fakher","orcid":"0009-0000-4007-9313","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1433245,"name":"Linfeng Wu","orcid":"0000-0003-0868-6476","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":727085,"name":"Liang Hong","orcid":"0000-0003-3006-1907","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292346,"name":"Shaoping Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-3004-4023","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":915532,"name":"Qingsong Yu","orcid":"0000-0002-6985-5969","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329249,"name":"Hongmin Sun","orcid":"0000-0003-4545-2417","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1433243,"name":"Anushri Warang","orcid":"0000-0002-6321-7800","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:04.088079Z","pmid":"40278240","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}