{"doi":"10.3390/jcs9010026","title":"Cure Efficiency and Biocompatibility of an Iron-Based Coordination Complex as a Photoinitiator for Dental 3D-Printed Resins","abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cure efficiency and biocompatibility of a novel iron-based coordination complex used as a photoinitiator in comparison to conventional ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate (TPO-L) and camphorquinone (CQ) as photoinitiators in dental 3D-printed resins. Materials and Methods: Experimental dental resin formulations were prepared by blending 1:1 ratio of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA, to which 0.2 wt% of either the iron-based coordination complex or CQ were added, along with 0.2 wt% EDAB and 0.4 wt% IOD, and the TPO-L. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Biocompatibility was assessed by evaluating the viability of L929 fibroblast-like cells using the MTT assay 24 h post-exposure. Statistical analyses included a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for post hoc comparisons, with significance at p < 0.05. Results: The degree of conversion for the iron-based coordination complex (84.54% ± 1.69%) was significantly higher than that for the TPO-L (78.77% ± 1.25%) and CQ-based resins (73.21% ± 0.47%) (p < 0.001). The iron-based coordination complex and TPO-L resins exhibited significantly higher conversion than CQ-based resins (p < 0.001). Regarding biocompatibility, the cell viability test revealed that the iron-based coordination complex demonstrated the highest cell viability at 86.5% ± 10.24%, followed by TPO-L with 80.03% ± 11.07%. CQ showed the lowest cell viability of 51.29% ± 8.44% (p < 0.05). Tukey’s test confirmed significant differences between CQ and other photointiators (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between TPO-L and the iron-based coordination complex. Conclusions: This study introduces a novel iron-based coordination complex photoinitiator that demonstrates enhanced cure efficiency and comparable biocompatibility to TPO-L, while significantly reducing the cytotoxicity associated with CQ. Its longer absorption wavelength supports deeper layer curing, making it a promising alternative for dental 3D printing, particularly in bioactive scaffold applications requiring minimized cytotoxicity.","journal":"Journal of Composites Science","year":2025,"id":527955,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9633,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1119179,"name":"Mateus Garcia Rocha","orcid":"0000-0001-5658-5640","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1298014,"name":"Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti","orcid":"0000-0002-1932-2902","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1405366,"name":"Alexandre Carneiro Silvino","orcid":"0000-0002-0974-0895","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1405367,"name":"Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira","orcid":"0000-0003-1420-5720","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1405981,"name":"Sharanya Singh","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:50:44.062153Z","pmid":"41717140","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}