{"doi":"10.3390/jcm14093178","title":"The Influence of Anti-PAR 1 and Anti-ACE 2 Antibody Levels on the Course of Specific Glomerulonephritis Types","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Anti-PAR 1 (protease-activated receptor 1) and anti-ACE 2 (angiotensin 2-converting enzyme 2) antibodies are a kind of non-HLA (human leukocyte antigens) antibodies postulated to be of significance in autoimmunological diseases and organ transplantation. Methods: We assessed anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibody levels in patients with membranous nephropathy n= 18, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) n = 25, lupus nephritis (LN) n = 17, IgA nephropathy n = 14, mesangial proliferative (non-IgA) glomerulonephritis n = 6, c-ANCA (cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) vasculitis n = 40, p (perinuclear)-ANCA vasculitis n = 16, and compared them with a healthy control group n = 22. Next, we observed the clinical course of the patients (creatinine, total protein, and albumin) up to 2 years and correlated the results with the level of antibodies. Results: The anti-PAR 1 antibody level was lower in membranous nephropathy and FSGS compared to the control group. Anti-PAR 1 antibody levels were higher in secondary compared to primary glomerulonephritis. Both anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibody levels correlated positively (in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis) or negatively (in lupus nephritis) with total protein and albumin at different time points of observation. Anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibody levels correlated also with creatinine level at one time point of observation in IgA nephropathy. Anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibodies correlated with each other in membranous nephropathy, FSGS, and p- and c-ANCA vasculitis (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The anti-PAR 1 antibody level was lower in membranous nephropathy and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis compared to the control group. Anti-PAR 1 antibody levels tend to be higher in secondary compared to primary glomerulonephritis.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","year":2025,"id":631115,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1635405,"name":"Harald Heidecke","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635407,"name":"Marcelina Żabińska","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635409,"name":"Łucja Janek","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635411,"name":"Jakub Wronowicz","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1269429,"name":"Krzysztof Kujawa","orcid":"0000-0003-2812-4702","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635412,"name":"Kai Schulze-Forster","orcid":"0009-0008-7297-8717","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635413,"name":"Karolina Marek-Bukowiec","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635414,"name":"Tomasz Gołębiowski","orcid":"0000-0001-5477-2020","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635415,"name":"Mirosław Banasik","orcid":"0000-0002-0588-1551","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1403852,"name":"Maciej Szymczak","orcid":"0000-0002-1248-081X","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"The Influence of Anti-PAR 1 and Anti-ACE 2 Antibody Levels on the Course of Specific Glomerulonephritis Types","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Anti-PAR 1 (protease-activated receptor 1) and anti-ACE 2 (angiotensin 2-converting enzyme 2) antibodies are a kind of non-HLA (human leukocyte antigens) antibodies postulated to be of significance in autoimmunological diseases and organ transplantation. Methods: We assessed anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibody levels in patients with membranous nephropathy n= 18, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) n = 25, lupus nephritis (LN) n = 17, IgA nephropathy n = 14, mesangial proliferative (non-IgA) glomerulonephritis n = 6, c-ANCA (cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) vasculitis n = 40, p (perinuclear)-ANCA vasculitis n = 16, and compared them with a healthy control group n = 22. Next, we observed the clinical course of the patients (creatinine, total protein, and albumin) up to 2 years and correlated the results with the level of antibodies. Results: The anti-PAR 1 antibody level was lower in membranous nephropathy and FSGS compared to the control group. Anti-PAR 1 antibody levels were higher in secondary compared to primary glomerulonephritis. Both anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibody levels correlated positively (in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis) or negatively (in lupus nephritis) with total protein and albumin at different time points of observation. Anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibody levels correlated also with creatinine level at one time point of observation in IgA nephropathy. Anti-PAR 1 and anti-ACE 2 antibodies correlated with each other in membranous nephropathy, FSGS, and p- and c-ANCA vasculitis (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The anti-PAR 1 antibody level was lower in membranous nephropathy and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis compared to the control group. 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