{"doi":"10.3390/jcm14061794","title":"Advancing Telemedicine Using Smart Insulin Pens with Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Telecommunication Systems: A Case Series","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple daily injections (MDIs) have been a mainstay for insulin delivery by persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). “Smart” insulin pens (SIPs) offer several advantages over traditional insulin pens, such as a memory function, bolus calculator, and reminders for patients to take their insulin. SIPs can integrate with CGM, allowing for the collection of accurate insulin and glucose data, which can integrate into combined reports. Using these technologies along with telecommunication modalities provides an infrastructure to improve the way in which healthcare can be delivered to those with diabetes. Methods: Four cases of uncontrolled T1DM managed by MDIs (and not insulin pumps) and deemed to have plateaued in their management were selected to retrospectively review to identify potential advantages of SIP/CGM along with telemedicine as a method of care delivery. Results: This case series revealed potential benefits of this model of care delivery, such as the ability to identify dysglycemia patterns not discernible prior to the use of SIP/CGM, use combined reports as a visual education tool to provide targeted insulin and dietary education, and improve patient engagement in diabetes self-care behaviors. Conclusions: We described the benefits of using SIPs and CGM technologies along with telecommunication solutions, as a novel concept for a comprehensive telemedicine system, to improve management of glycemic control and diabetes self-management capabilities.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","year":2025,"id":644022,"datarank":0.20794415416798362,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"self_citation_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":847077,"name":"Chikara Gothong","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564330,"name":"Garrett I. Ash","orcid":"0000-0002-8655-7525","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1676033,"name":"Reynier Hernandez","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260023,"name":"Elias K. Spanakis","orcid":"0000-0002-9352-7172","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":261448,"name":"Lakshmi G. Singh","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Advancing Telemedicine Using Smart Insulin Pens with Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Telecommunication Systems: A Case Series","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple daily injections (MDIs) have been a mainstay for insulin delivery by persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). “Smart” insulin pens (SIPs) offer several advantages over traditional insulin pens, such as a memory function, bolus calculator, and reminders for patients to take their insulin. SIPs can integrate with CGM, allowing for the collection of accurate insulin and glucose data, which can integrate into combined reports. Using these technologies along with telecommunication modalities provides an infrastructure to improve the way in which healthcare can be delivered to those with diabetes. Methods: Four cases of uncontrolled T1DM managed by MDIs (and not insulin pumps) and deemed to have plateaued in their management were selected to retrospectively review to identify potential advantages of SIP/CGM along with telemedicine as a method of care delivery. Results: This case series revealed potential benefits of this model of care delivery, such as the ability to identify dysglycemia patterns not discernible prior to the use of SIP/CGM, use combined reports as a visual education tool to provide targeted insulin and dietary education, and improve patient engagement in diabetes self-care behaviors. Conclusions: We described the benefits of using SIPs and CGM technologies along with telecommunication solutions, as a novel concept for a comprehensive telemedicine system, to improve management of glycemic control and diabetes self-management capabilities.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"40142601","pmcid":"PMC11943169","openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIDDK NIH HHS","grant_id":"K01 DK129441","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"3K23DK128560-03S1","title":"Metabolic and Neurological Changes Induced by a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"3K01DK129441-02S2","title":"Informatics-Based Digital Application to Promote Safe Exercise in Middle-Aged Adults with Type 1 Diabetes"}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/6/1794/pdf?version=1741341532","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/6/1794/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11943169","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11943169","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11943169?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061794","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40142601","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061794","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Diabetes mellitus","Glycemic control","Telemedicine","Smart Insulin Pen","Case Report"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-08T20:56:11.048438Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}