{"doi":"10.3390/jcm14031033","title":"A Longitudinal Cohort Assessing the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Rural Black South African Community","abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus [DM) is a fast-increasing non-communicable disease in South Africa, with a prevalence of 11.3%. The present study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association of carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT) progression and cardiovascular risk factors in the T2DM and non-DM rural black population of South Africa. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Dikgale Mamabolo Mothiba Surveillance area between 2014 and 2023 by the Africa Wits INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Research (AWI-Gen). The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 was used to analyze data. The paired T-test was used to determine the mean differences between baseline and follow-up. Longitudinal estimates of the association of CIMT with CVD risk factors in the T2DM and non-DM groups were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: The baseline mean age was 51.64 years. There was a significant increase in CIMT (left and mean CIMT), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate in the T2DM and non-DM groups. In the T2DM group, there was a strong significant association between age (2.20 mm), LDL-C (4.30 mm), SBP (4.57 mm), and waist/hip ratio (0.24 mm) with CIMT progression. The non-DM group revealed a significant association between LDL-C (0.001 mm), SBP (1.41 mm), and CIMT progression. Conclusion: CIMT was associated with other main CVD-related risk factors (age, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, waist/hip ratio, and SBP). CIMT progression was more pronounced in the T2DM group than non-DM, suggesting a higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in T2DM individuals.","journal":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","year":2025,"id":518996,"datarank":0.36529463090559744,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.07340810854730037,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.07340810854730037,"corpus_percentile":51.11781542507929,"corpus_rank":6320,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":6,"citers_with_citation_signal":3,"citers_with_endowment":3,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.681,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1386905,"name":"Wendy N. Phoswa","orcid":"0000-0002-7769-4528","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1386906,"name":"Sogolo Lucky Lebelo","orcid":"0000-0002-9047-9136","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":568993,"name":"Solomon Choma","orcid":"0000-0003-1338-6523","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":559588,"name":"Eric Maimela","orcid":"0000-0003-2843-4663","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":347561,"name":"Kabelo Mokgalaboni","orcid":"0000-0002-3224-7433","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":852227,"name":"Given R. Mashaba","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":79,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:14.184995Z","pmid":"39941702","pmcid":"PMC11818556","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}