{"doi":"10.3390/ijms26020715","title":"The Role of Individual Residues in the N-Terminus of Arrestin-1 in Rhodopsin Binding","abstract":"Sequences and three-dimensional structures of the four vertebrate arrestins are very similar, yet in sharp contrast to other subtypes, arrestin-1 demonstrates exquisite selectivity for the active phosphorylated form of its cognate receptor, rhodopsin. The N-terminus participates in receptor binding and serves as the anchor of the C-terminus, the release of which facilitates arrestin transition into a receptor-binding state. We tested the effects of substitutions of fourteen residues in the N-terminus of arrestin-1 on the binding to phosphorylated and unphosphorylated light-activated rhodopsin of wild-type protein and its enhanced mutant with C-terminal deletion that demonstrates higher binding to both functional forms of rhodopsin. Profound effects of mutations identified lysine-15 as the main phosphate sensor and phenylalanine-13 as the key anchor of the C-terminus. These residues are conserved in all arrestin subtypes. Substitutions of five other residues reduced arrestin-1 selectivity for phosphorylated rhodopsin, indicating that wild-type residues participate in fine-tuning of arrestin-1 binding. Differential effects of numerous substitutions in wild-type and an enhanced mutant arrestin-1 suggest that these two proteins bind rhodopsin differently.","journal":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2025,"id":530940,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9501,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1339211,"name":"Trishita Paul","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271823,"name":"Eugenia V. Gurevich","orcid":"0000-0002-0563-8295","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271822,"name":"Vsevolod V. Gurevich","orcid":"0000-0002-3950-5351","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":382923,"name":"Sergey A. Vishnivetskiy","orcid":"0000-0001-8619-4157","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":113,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:51:10.077559Z","pmid":"39859432","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}