{"doi":"10.3390/ijms221910720","title":"Biobanked Glioblastoma Patient-Derived Organoids as a Precision Medicine Model to Study Inhibition of Invasion","abstract":"Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to treatment and invasion into the surrounding brain is a cancer hallmark that leads to recurrence despite surgical resection. With the emergence of precision medicine, patient-derived 3D systems are considered potentially robust GBM preclinical models. In this study, we screened a library of 22 anti-invasive compounds (i.e., NF-kB, GSK-3-B, COX-2, and tubulin inhibitors) using glioblastoma U-251 MG cell spheroids. We evaluated toxicity and invasion inhibition using a 3D Matrigel invasion assay. We next selected three compounds that inhibited invasion and screened them in patient-derived glioblastoma organoids (GBOs). We developed a platform using available macros for FIJI/ImageJ to quantify invasion from the outer margin of organoids. Our data demonstrated that a high-throughput invasion screening can be done using both an established cell line and patient-derived 3D model systems. Tubulin inhibitor compounds had the best efficacy with U-251 MG cells, however, in ex vivo patient organoids the results were highly variable. Our results indicate that the efficacy of compounds is highly related to patient intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity. These results indicate that such models can be used to evaluate personal oncology therapeutic strategies.","journal":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2021,"id":174832,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":23,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9297,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":512136,"name":"Edward Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-4082-8182","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":457682,"name":"Annick De Loose","orcid":"0009-0006-0935-734X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":701419,"name":"Madison P. Lee","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":589675,"name":"Michael J. Borrelli","orcid":"0000-0002-5363-7852","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391330,"name":"Robert L. Eoff","orcid":"0000-0003-4776-8925","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":709988,"name":"Deni S. Galileo","orcid":"0000-0002-0089-2198","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":458710,"name":"Narsimha Reddy Penthala","orcid":"0000-0001-6978-5588","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":414591,"name":"Peter A. Crooks","orcid":"0000-0002-1312-6150","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":347177,"name":"Analiz Rodriguez","orcid":"0000-0003-3426-0508","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714537,"name":"Emilie Darrigues","orcid":"0000-0001-8956-183X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":55,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:06.584146Z","pmid":"34639060","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}