{"doi":"10.3390/ijms22158131","title":"Cell Types and Synapses Expressing the SNARE Complex Regulating Proteins Complexin 1 and Complexin 2 in Mammalian Retina","abstract":"<jats:p>Complexins (Cplxs) 1 to 4 are components of the presynaptic compartment of chemical synapses where they regulate important steps in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. In the retina, all four Cplxs are present, and while we know a lot about Cplxs 3 and 4, little is known about Cplxs 1 and 2. Here, we performed in situ hybridization experiments and bioinformatics and exploited Cplx 1 and Cplx 2 single-knockout mice combined with immunocytochemistry and light microscopy to characterize in detail the cell type and synapse-specific distribution of Cplx 1 and Cplx 2. We found that Cplx 2 and not Cplx 1 is the main isoform expressed in normal and displaced amacrine cells and ganglion cells in mouse retinae and that amacrine cells seem to operate with a single Cplx isoform at their conventional chemical synapses. Surprising was the finding that retinal function, determined with electroretinographic recordings, was altered in Cplx 1 but not Cplx 2 single-knockout mice. In summary, the results provide an important basis for future studies on the function of Cplxs 1 and 2 in the processing of visual signals in the mammalian retina.</jats:p>","journal":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2021,"id":661720,"datarank":0.24141568686511508,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1727513,"name":"Johanna Ehrenberg","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664823,"name":"Anneka Joachimsthaler","orcid":"0000-0001-8843-5292","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1727514,"name":"Jenny Atorf","orcid":"0000-0003-0935-1897","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1727515,"name":"Bianca Pircher","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1498641,"name":"Kerstin Reim","orcid":"0000-0002-5448-8377","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":799139,"name":"Jan Kremers","orcid":"0000-0002-9293-7380","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1727516,"name":"Andreas Gießl","orcid":"0000-0002-9768-2049","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1498643,"name":"Johann Helmut Brandstätter","orcid":"0000-0002-6468-5585","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1498640,"name":"Uwe Thorsten Lux","orcid":"0000-0002-9652-4778","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Cell Types and Synapses Expressing the SNARE Complex Regulating Proteins Complexin 1 and Complexin 2 in Mammalian Retina","abstract":"<jats:p>Complexins (Cplxs) 1 to 4 are components of the presynaptic compartment of chemical synapses where they regulate important steps in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. In the retina, all four Cplxs are present, and while we know a lot about Cplxs 3 and 4, little is known about Cplxs 1 and 2. Here, we performed in situ hybridization experiments and bioinformatics and exploited Cplx 1 and Cplx 2 single-knockout mice combined with immunocytochemistry and light microscopy to characterize in detail the cell type and synapse-specific distribution of Cplx 1 and Cplx 2. We found that Cplx 2 and not Cplx 1 is the main isoform expressed in normal and displaced amacrine cells and ganglion cells in mouse retinae and that amacrine cells seem to operate with a single Cplx isoform at their conventional chemical synapses. Surprising was the finding that retinal function, determined with electroretinographic recordings, was altered in Cplx 1 but not Cplx 2 single-knockout mice. In summary, the results provide an important basis for future studies on the function of Cplxs 1 and 2 in the processing of visual signals in the mammalian retina.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34360929","pmcid":"PMC8348166","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3185617144","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","grant_id":"BR 1643/9-1","title":null},{"funder_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","grant_id":"unidentified","title":"unidentified"}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":0.2976,"citation_percentile":0.47989325,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8131/pdf?version=1627645740","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8131/pdf?version=1627645740","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8131/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158131","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34360929","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8348166","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/a25ba281dc764053926a1335d8e52bcc","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158131","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8348166","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8348166?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158131","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Cellular transport and secretion","Retinal Development and Disorders","Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","0301 basic medicine","03 medical and health sciences","Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport","Amacrine Cells","Animals","Cells, Cultured","Computational Biology","Electroretinography","Female","Immunohistochemistry","In Situ Hybridization","Male","Mice","Mice, Inbred C57BL","Mice, Knockout","Nerve Tissue Proteins","Photoreceptor Cells","Retinal Bipolar Cells","Retinal Ganglion Cells","Retinal Horizontal Cells","SNARE Proteins","Synapses"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cells, Cultured","Electroretinography","Female","Immunohistochemistry","Male","Mice, Inbred C57BL","Nerve Tissue Proteins","Photoreceptor Cells","Retinal Ganglion Cells","Synapses","In Situ Hybridization","Mice, Knockout","Computational Biology","Amacrine Cells","Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport","SNARE Proteins","Retinal Bipolar Cells","Retinal Horizontal Cells","Mice"],"keywords":["Ribbon synapse","Retina","Amacrine cell","Biology","Synapse","Cell biology","Synaptic vesicle","Gene isoform","Immunocytochemistry","Exocytosis","Neuroscience","Knockout mouse","Vesicle","Biochemistry","Gene","Ganglion cells","Horizontal Cells","Amacrine Cells","Complexin 1","Complexin 2","Conventional Chemical Synapses","Male","Retinal Ganglion Cells","Retinal Bipolar Cells","Nerve Tissue Proteins","Retinal Horizontal Cells","Article","Mice","Electroretinography","Animals","Photoreceptor Cells","Cells, Cultured","In Situ Hybridization","Mice, Knockout","Computational Biology","Immunohistochemistry","Mice, Inbred C57BL","Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport","Synapses","Female","SNARE Proteins"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T11:31:33.160917Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}