{"doi":"10.3390/ijms19010325","title":"Heat Shock Proteins and Autophagy Pathways in Neuroprotection: From Molecular Bases to Pharmacological Interventions","abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases are all characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates (amyloids) into inclusions and/or plaques. The ubiquitous presence of amyloids in NDDs suggests the involvement of disturbed protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the underlying pathomechanisms. This review summarizes specific mechanisms that maintain proteostasis, including molecular chaperons, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), and different autophagic pathways (chaperon mediated-, micro-, and macro-autophagy). The role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cellular quality control and degradation of pathogenic proteins is reviewed. Finally, putative therapeutic strategies for efficient removal of cytotoxic proteins from neurons and design of new therapeutic targets against the progression of NDDs are discussed.</jats:p>","journal":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","year":2018,"id":22916,"datarank":2.6173260740211024,"base_score":4.653960350157523,"endowment":4.653960350157523,"self_citation_contribution":0.6980940525236285,"citation_network_contribution":1.919232021497474,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6980940525236285,"citer_contribution":1.919232021497474,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":104,"citer_count":96,"citers_with_citation_signal":85,"citers_with_endowment":85,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":142520,"name":"Ferenc Bogár","orcid":"0000-0002-0611-1452","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":142521,"name":"Tim Crul","orcid":"0000-0002-6053-7016","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":142522,"name":"Miklós Sántha","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":142523,"name":"Melinda E. Tóth","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":142524,"name":"László Vígh","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":142519,"name":"Botond Penke","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.653960350157523,"endowment":4.653960350157523,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"29361800","pmcid":"PMC5796267","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2794290841","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":5.0567,"citation_percentile":0.96160909,"influential_citations":2,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":5},{"year":2019,"count":11},{"year":2020,"count":19},{"year":2021,"count":8},{"year":2022,"count":19},{"year":2023,"count":13},{"year":2024,"count":8},{"year":2025,"count":19},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/1/325/pdf?version=1516762627","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/1/325/pdf?version=1516762627","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/1/325/pdf?version=1516762627","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/1/325/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010325","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29361800","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5796267","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010325","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5796267","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5796267?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease","Autophagy in Disease and Therapy","Mitochondrial Function and Pathology","Biology","Medicine","Animals","Autophagy","Endoplasmic Reticulum","Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress","Endosomes","Heat-Shock Proteins","Humans","Lysosomes","Neurodegenerative Diseases","Neurons","Neuroprotection","Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex","Proteolysis","Signal Transduction","Ubiquitin","Unfolded Protein Response"],"mesh_terms":["Neuroprotection","Animals","Autophagy","Endoplasmic Reticulum","Heat-Shock Proteins","Humans","Lysosomes","Neurons","Endosomes","Signal Transduction","Neurodegenerative Diseases","Ubiquitin","Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex","Unfolded Protein Response","Proteolysis","Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress"],"keywords":["Proteostasis","Endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation","Autophagy","Neuroprotection","Proteasome","Neurodegeneration","Heat shock protein","Protein aggregation","Endoplasmic reticulum","Cell biology","Biology","Ubiquitin","Protein degradation","Unfolded protein response","Neuroscience","Disease","Biochemistry","Medicine","Heat shock proteins","Neurodegenerative diseases","ubiquitin-proteasome system","Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation","Hsp-inducers","Autophagy Modulating Drugs"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-07T17:03:13.066336Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}