{"doi":"10.3390/ijerph22071006","title":"Association Between Betel Nut Chewing and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guam","abstract":"Areca nut/betel quid (AN/BQ), a stimulant consumed across the Asia and Pacific region, has been associated with metabolic risks including obesity. This study investigated the association between AN/BQ use and obesity in Guam. Participants included 120 men and women 18+ years old. Recruitment and interviews were conducted at a central dental clinic in Guam between July 2013 and October 2014. Multivariate general linear models were utilized to estimate the association of AN/BQ chewing with body mass index (BMI). Of the participants with a mean BMI of 30.4 (SD 6.9) kg/m2, 82.5% reported ever chewing AN/BQ. The mean adjusted BMI among AN/BQ chewers was 4.53 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.19, 7.87) higher than among non-chewers in the minimally adjusted model; 4.72 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.09, 8.35) higher with additional adjustment for annual household income, tobacco smoking, and alcohol use (n = 108); and non-significantly higher by 0.55 kg/m2 (95% CI −3.92, 5.02) after additional adjustment for ethnicity. Although AN/BQ chewing was not associated with BMI after considering ethnicity, our results do not exclude the possibility that AN/BQ chewing can be considered a risk factor for obesity.","journal":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2025,"id":569142,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9557,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1474412,"name":"Lindsey E. Merifield","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1474135,"name":"Gabriela Cruz-Mattos","orcid":"0009-0008-8413-3914","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1474413,"name":"Allen Oamil","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1474414,"name":"Xavier Heidelberg","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":528554,"name":"Gertraud Maskarinec","orcid":"0000-0002-8129-958X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":930651,"name":"Thaddeus A. Herzog","orcid":"0000-0002-2946-1957","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311542,"name":"Yurii B. Shvetsov","orcid":"0000-0001-5131-9618","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":792049,"name":"Yvette C. Paulino","orcid":"0000-0001-6214-6249","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":33564,"name":"Brenda Y. Hernandez","orcid":"0000-0003-0132-4042","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1058979,"name":"Michelle Nagata","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:59.652443Z","pmid":"40724073","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}