{"doi":"10.3390/ijerph20021230","title":"Overdose Detection Technologies to Reduce Solitary Overdose Deaths: A Literature Review","abstract":"<jats:p>Drug overdoses were a leading cause of injury and death in the United States in 2021. Solitary drug use and solitary overdose deaths have remained persistent challenges warranting additional attention throughout the overdose epidemic. The goal of this narrative review is to describe recent global innovations in overdose detection technologies (ODT) enabling rapid responses to overdose events, especially for people who use drugs alone. We found that only a small number of technologies designed to assist in overdose detection and response are currently commercially available, though several are in the early stages of development. Research, development, and scale-up of practical, cost-effective ODTs remains a public health imperative. Equipping places where people live, learn, work, worship, and play with the necessary tools to detect and prevent overdose deaths could complement ongoing overdose prevention efforts.</jats:p>","journal":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2023,"id":645802,"datarank":0.5983476069846413,"base_score":3.9889840465642745,"endowment":3.9889840465642745,"self_citation_contribution":0.5983476069846413,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5983476069846413,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":53,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1681755,"name":"Ritikraj Arya","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":366578,"name":"Joseph G. Rosen","orcid":"0000-0003-4991-4033","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1030843,"name":"Erin Thompson","orcid":"0000-0001-6451-2679","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090617,"name":"Ralph Welwean","orcid":"0000-0003-3019-0549","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1030842,"name":"Jessica Tardif","orcid":"0000-0003-1147-479X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268927,"name":"Josiah D. Rich","orcid":"0000-0002-4517-7841","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247848,"name":"Ju Nyeong Park","orcid":"0000-0001-6490-9887","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1681754,"name":"Alexa Rose Lombardi","orcid":"0000-0002-9802-6668","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Overdose Detection Technologies to Reduce Solitary Overdose Deaths: A Literature Review","abstract":"<jats:p>Drug overdoses were a leading cause of injury and death in the United States in 2021. Solitary drug use and solitary overdose deaths have remained persistent challenges warranting additional attention throughout the overdose epidemic. The goal of this narrative review is to describe recent global innovations in overdose detection technologies (ODT) enabling rapid responses to overdose events, especially for people who use drugs alone. We found that only a small number of technologies designed to assist in overdose detection and response are currently commercially available, though several are in the early stages of development. Research, development, and scale-up of practical, cost-effective ODTs remains a public health imperative. Equipping places where people live, learn, work, worship, and play with the necessary tools to detect and prevent overdose deaths could complement ongoing overdose prevention efforts.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.9889840465642745,"endowment":3.9889840465642745,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"36673987","pmcid":"PMC9859116","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4315499132","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"COBRE on Opioids and Overdose","grant_id":"P20GM125507","title":null},{"funder_name":"COBRE on Opioids and Overdose","grant_id":"F31MH126796","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5P20GM125507-03","title":"COBRE Center on Opioids and Overdose"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"1F31MH126796-01A1","title":"Viral Load Trajectories and Dynamics among People Living with HIV in Rakai, Uganda: A Mixed-Methods Study"}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":13.1664,"citation_percentile":0.99271027,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":15},{"year":2024,"count":16},{"year":2025,"count":17},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1230/pdf?version=1673344105","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1230/pdf?version=1673344105","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1230/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021230","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36673987","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9859116","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1230/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021230","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9859116/pdf/ijerph-20-01230.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9859116","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9859116?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021230","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","03 medical and health sciences","0302 clinical medicine","0305 other medical science","Humans","United States","Drug Overdose","Substance-Related Disorders","Public Health","Epidemics","Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","Analgesics, Opioid"],"mesh_terms":["Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","Analgesics, Opioid","Humans","Public Health","United States","Substance-Related Disorders","Epidemics","Drug Overdose"],"keywords":["Drug overdose","Medicine","Narrative review","Public health","Medical emergency","Poison control","Intensive care medicine","Nursing","Fatal Overdose","Mobile Applications","Wearable Electronic Devices","Overdose Detection Technology","Room-based Devices","Analgesics, Opioid","Substance-Related Disorders","Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","Humans","Review","Epidemics","United States"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-09T10:11:32.155687Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}