{"doi":"10.3390/ijerph19159220","title":"Health Behavior Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis among Children","abstract":"This longitudinal study compared children’s health behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic versus during the pandemic. This analysis examined the association between individual-level characteristics and health behavior change. Four prospective cohort studies in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program contributed data. Children aged 4−12 years and their caregivers were recruited in California, Colorado, North Dakota, and New Hampshire. Dietary intake, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were assessed with questionnaires pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. The final sample included 347 children: 47% female and 62% non-Hispanic White. Compared with pre-pandemic, weekday screen time duration was higher during the pandemic (3.0 vs. 4.5 h, p < 0.001). Unadjusted increases in screen time duration differed by race and ethnicity: 1.3 h/day for non-Hispanic White children, 2.3 h/day for Hispanic children, and 5.3 h/day for non-Hispanic Black children. Overall, no changes occurred in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake (p = 0.26), discretionary food intake (p = 0.93), and physical activity (p = 0.15). Sleep duration increased by 30 min among children who did not meet sleep recommendations pre-pandemic. Child sex and maternal education level were not associated with health behavior change. The pandemic may have exacerbated disparities in some health behaviors. Families may need support to re-establish healthy routines.","journal":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2022,"id":255555,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6148,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":699681,"name":"Yanan Dong","orcid":"0000-0003-0888-4237","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":676605,"name":"Amy J. Elliott","orcid":"0000-0002-3592-5957","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":381696,"name":"Assiamira Ferrara","orcid":"0000-0002-7505-4826","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":904409,"name":"Kaylyn Friesen","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":382392,"name":"Maren Galarce","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348316,"name":"Diane Gilbert‐Diamond","orcid":"0000-0003-3560-7171","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312593,"name":"Deborah H. Glueck","orcid":"0000-0003-0047-8939","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322969,"name":"Monique M. Hedderson","orcid":"0000-0003-1768-0412","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":501682,"name":"Christine W. Hockett","orcid":"0000-0002-1665-6763","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48177,"name":"MARGARET R. KARAGAS","orcid":"0000-0002-6398-7362","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":443350,"name":"Emily A. Knapp","orcid":"0000-0003-3953-9874","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":427735,"name":"Maristella Lucchini","orcid":"0000-0002-7968-7196","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":898141,"name":"Julia McDonald","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312592,"name":"Katherine A. Sauder","orcid":"0000-0002-8473-8015","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249641,"name":"Dana Dabelea","orcid":"0000-0001-9514-8929","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":738599,"name":"Traci A. Bekelman","orcid":"0000-0003-0840-1186","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:17.224217Z","pmid":"35954577","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}