{"doi":"10.3390/ijerph181910354","title":"Understanding Worker Well-Being Relative to High-Workload and Recovery Activities across a Whole Day: Pilot Testing an Ecological Momentary Assessment Technique","abstract":"Occupational health and safety is experiencing a paradigm shift from focusing only on health at the workplace toward a holistic approach and worker well-being framework that considers both work and non-work factors. Aligned with this shift, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine how, within a person, frequencies of high-workload and recovery activities from both work and non-work periods were associated with same day well-being measures. We analyzed data on 45 workers with type 1 diabetes from whom we collected activity data 5-6 times daily over 14 days. More frequent engagement in high-workload activities was associated with lower well-being on multiple measures including higher stress. Conversely, greater recovery activity frequency was mostly associated with higher well-being indicated by lower stress and higher positive affect. Overall, our results provide preliminary validity evidence for measures of high-workload and recovery activity exposure covering both work and non-work periods that can inform and support evaluations of worker well-being.","journal":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","year":2021,"id":173799,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":24,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.943,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":691346,"name":"Elizabeth A. Pyatak","orcid":"0000-0003-3280-8912","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711965,"name":"Cheryl Vigen","orcid":"0000-0002-9789-1502","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":691352,"name":"Haomiao Jin","orcid":"0000-0001-8908-1959","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363515,"name":"Stefan Schneider","orcid":"0000-0002-4562-0524","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273349,"name":"Donna Spruijt‐Metz","orcid":"0000-0002-3884-4300","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":711966,"name":"Shawn C. Roll","orcid":"0000-0002-4202-396X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":691347,"name":"Raymond Hernandez","orcid":"0000-0002-6761-9276","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":70,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:46:49.903770Z","pmid":"34639654","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}