{"doi":"10.3390/idr13010009","title":"Idiopathic CD4 T Cell Lymphocytopenia: A Case of Overexpression of PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4","abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic CD4 T cell lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare entity characterized by CD4 T cell count of &lt;300 cells/mm3 along with opportunistic infection for which T cell marker expression remains to be fully explored. We report an ICL case for which T lymphocyte phenotype and its costimulatory molecules expression was analyzed both ex vivo and after overnight stimulation through CD3/CD28. The ICL patient was compared to five healthy controls. We observed higher expression of inhibitory molecules PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 on CD4 T cells and increased regulatory T cells in ICL, along with high activation and low proliferation of CD4 T cells. The alteration in the expression of both the costimulatory pathway and the apoptotic pathway might participate to down-regulate both CD4 T cell functions and numbers observed in ICL.</jats:p>","journal":"Infectious Disease Reports","year":2021,"id":592713,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1516771,"name":"Heidy Schmid-Antomarchi","orcid":"0000-0002-6470-4352","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1516772,"name":"Annie Schmid-Alliana","orcid":"0000-0003-2321-7408","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1516773,"name":"Michel Ticchioni","orcid":"0000-0002-9949-0411","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1516774,"name":"Pierre-Marie Roger","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281378,"name":"Gaurav Kumar","orcid":"0000-0001-5464-6518","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Idiopathic CD4 T Cell Lymphocytopenia: A Case of Overexpression of PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4","abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic CD4 T cell lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare entity characterized by CD4 T cell count of &lt;300 cells/mm3 along with opportunistic infection for which T cell marker expression remains to be fully explored. We report an ICL case for which T lymphocyte phenotype and its costimulatory molecules expression was analyzed both ex vivo and after overnight stimulation through CD3/CD28. The ICL patient was compared to five healthy controls. We observed higher expression of inhibitory molecules PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 on CD4 T cells and increased regulatory T cells in ICL, along with high activation and low proliferation of CD4 T cells. The alteration in the expression of both the costimulatory pathway and the apoptotic pathway might participate to down-regulate both CD4 T cell functions and numbers observed in ICL.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"33450836","pmcid":"PMC7839055","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3118253784","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.00195207,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/13/1/9/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/13/1/9/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13010009","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33450836","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hal.science/hal-03428146","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hal.science/hal-03428170","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/10fdef379d0942728adacb5d6817d3b3","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr13010009","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7839055","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7839055","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7839055?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["T-cell and B-cell Immunology","Immune Cell Function and Interaction","Immunotherapy and Immune Responses"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Lymphocytopenia","CD28","T cell","CTLA-4","CD3","Medicine","Immunology","Ex vivo","T lymphocyte","Phenotype","CD8","Immune system","Molecular biology","Cell biology","In vivo","Lymphocyte","Biology","Genetics","Gene","PD-1","co-stimulatory molecules","Pdl-1","Idiopathic Cd4 T Cell Lymphocytopenia"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-26T15:06:48.909644Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}