{"doi":"10.3390/diagnostics14161720","title":"Club Cell Secretory Protein-16 (CC16) as a Prognostic Biomarker for COVID-19 and H1N1 Viral Infections","abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and H1N1 viruses are inflammatory lung pathogens that can lead to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ALI/ARDS are still life-threatening diseases in critically ill patients with 30–40% mortality in the last decade. Currently, there are no laboratory tests for the early diagnosis or prognosis of ALI/ARDS. Club cell secretory protein (CC16) has been investigated as a potential biomarker of lung epithelial damage in various lung diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether plasma CC16 reflects the severity of COVID-19 and H1N1 infections. The plasma CC16 levels showed no significant differences between H1N1 and COVID-19 groups (p = 0.09). Among all subjects, CC16 levels were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p = 0.001). Upon the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis, CC16 had an acceptable value to distinguish survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.002). In the COVID-19 group, plasma CC16 levels moderately correlated with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (r = 0.374, p = 0.003) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (r = 0.474, p < 0.001). In the H1N1 group, a positive correlation was observed between the CC16 levels and hospital length of stay (r = 0.311, p = 0.022). Among all the patients, weak correlations between plasma CC16 levels with the SOFA score (r = 0.328, p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (r = 0.310, p < 0.001) were observed. Thus, circulating CC16 might reflect the severity of COVID-19 and H1N1 infections.","journal":"Diagnostics","year":2024,"id":501928,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.958,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1351762,"name":"Keerthana Gopichandran","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1351763,"name":"E D Sevier","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1271599,"name":"Siddhika Gamare","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285075,"name":"Sultan Almuntashiri","orcid":"0000-0003-4353-6043","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":412818,"name":"Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":411811,"name":"Nora E. Regino-Zamarripa","orcid":"0000-0002-5311-9633","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259056,"name":"Luis Jiménez-Álvarez","orcid":"0000-0002-5326-2720","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259055,"name":"Alfredo Cruz‐Lagunas","orcid":"0000-0001-5487-5919","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":553703,"name":"Tatiana Sofia Rodrı́guez-Reyna","orcid":"0000-0002-5799-5016","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246489,"name":"Joaquı́n Zúñiga","orcid":"0000-0002-7143-0281","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621764,"name":"Caroline A. Owen","orcid":"0000-0003-4377-3591","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285078,"name":"Xiaoyun Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-9900-740X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285079,"name":"Duo Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-0361-4174","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1351509,"name":"Shane Moore","orcid":"0009-0003-4597-6314","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:10:19.647285Z","pmid":"39202207","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}