{"doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12123094","title":"Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors among Patients with Chronic Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","abstract":"<jats:p>The management of chronic diseases in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially challenging, and reducing potential psychological harm is essential. This review aims to determine the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with chronic disease, and to characterize the impacts of related factors. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software. The review identified 33 articles with a total of 50,905 patients with chronic diseases. Four meta-analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of depression. In diabetic patients, the prevalence ranged from 17% (95% CI = 7–31) (PHQ-9) to 33% (95% CI = 16–51) (PHQ-8); in obese patients, the prevalence was 48% (95% CI = 26–71); and in hypertensive patients, the prevalence was 18% (95% CI = 13–24). The factors significantly associated with depression were female sex, being single, deterioration in the clinical parameters of diabetes, a decrease in self-care behavior, reduced physical activity and sleep time and fear of contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased levels of depression among persons with chronic disease. Pandemics and other emergency events have a major impact on mental health, so early psychological interventions and health management policies are needed to reinforce chronic patients’ physical and mental health.</jats:p>","journal":"Diagnostics","year":2022,"id":644793,"datarank":0.7446021027127444,"base_score":3.044522437723423,"endowment":3.044522437723423,"self_citation_contribution":0.4566783656585135,"citation_network_contribution":0.2879237370542309,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4566783656585135,"citer_contribution":0.2879237370542309,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":19,"citers_with_citation_signal":12,"citers_with_endowment":12,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1678537,"name":"Nora Suleiman-Martos","orcid":"0000-0003-4133-0092","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1678538,"name":"María J. Membrive-Jiménez","orcid":"0000-0003-1074-1462","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1678539,"name":"Victoria García-Morales","orcid":"0000-0002-8964-9935","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1678540,"name":"Miguel Quesada-Caballero","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1678541,"name":"Isabel M. Guisado-Requena","orcid":"0000-0001-6365-9070","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1678542,"name":"José L. Gómez-Urquiza","orcid":"0000-0002-8684-1817","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1678536,"name":"Rubén A. 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Four meta-analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of depression. In diabetic patients, the prevalence ranged from 17% (95% CI = 7–31) (PHQ-9) to 33% (95% CI = 16–51) (PHQ-8); in obese patients, the prevalence was 48% (95% CI = 26–71); and in hypertensive patients, the prevalence was 18% (95% CI = 13–24). The factors significantly associated with depression were female sex, being single, deterioration in the clinical parameters of diabetes, a decrease in self-care behavior, reduced physical activity and sleep time and fear of contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased levels of depression among persons with chronic disease. 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