{"doi":"10.3390/curroncol32070389","title":"HIV Integration into the PTEN Gene and Its Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Lung Cancer","abstract":"Health outcomes for people with HIV (PWH) have improved significantly with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet the risk of lung cancer remains elevated. While a single case cannot establish causality, we describe here an investigation of a 74-year-old male PWH with de novo high-grade neuroendocrine small cell lung carcinoma. To investigate the potential contribution of HIV to cancer development, we performed HIV integration site sequencing on blood, tumor, and non-tumor tissue samples from the patient. We analyzed integration site distribution, clonal expansion, and associated gene disruption. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence and microscopy. A total of 174 unique HIV integration sites were identified, with 29.9% (52/174) located in clonally expanded cells. The most frequent integration site in clonally expanded cells was within the PTEN gene, representing 4.2% to 16.7% of all HIV-infected cells across samples. PTEN expression was markedly reduced in tumor regions relative to non-tumor tissue. Areas positive for HIV p24 antigen showed minimal PTEN expression. These findings suggest that HIV integration into the PTEN gene, coupled with clonal expansion of HIV-infected cells, may impair anti-tumor immune responses and promote cancer progression in PWH.","journal":"Current Oncology","year":2025,"id":523802,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9562,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1285777,"name":"Elizabeth F. Rowland","orcid":"0000-0001-5845-9146","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240305,"name":"Sara Gianella","orcid":"0000-0002-9927-0849","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":110451,"name":"Sandip Pravin Patel","orcid":"0000-0002-8387-4840","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1099906,"name":"Stephanie Solso","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1099905,"name":"Cheryl Dullano","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536247,"name":"Robert Deiss","orcid":"0000-0003-2774-8687","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":351536,"name":"Daria Wells","orcid":"0000-0002-3475-3591","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243561,"name":"Caroline Ignacio","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379760,"name":"Gemma Caballero","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243562,"name":"Magali Porrachia","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":586899,"name":"Collin Kieffer","orcid":"0000-0001-9051-3819","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240304,"name":"Antoine Chaillon","orcid":"0000-0001-9490-3857","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36878,"name":"Davey M. Smith","orcid":"0000-0003-3603-1733","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:50:07.396155Z","pmid":"40710199","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}