{"doi":"10.3390/cells13110900","title":"Using Microfluidic Hepatic Spheroid Cultures to Assess Liver Toxicity of T-2 Mycotoxin","abstract":"fungi is found in cereals and feedstuffs and may produce mycotoxins, which are secondary metabolites, such as the T-2 toxin (T-2). In this work, we explored the hepatotoxicity of T-2 using microfluidic 3D hepatic cultures. The objectives were: (i) exploring the benefits of microfluidic 3D cultures compared to conventional 3D cultures available commercially (Aggrewell plates), (ii) establishing 3D co-cultures of hepatic cells (HepG2) and stellate cells (LX2) and assessing T-2 exposure in this model, (iii) characterizing the induction of metabolizing enzymes, and (iv) evaluating inflammatory markers upon T-2 exposure in microfluidic hepatic cultures. Our results demonstrated that, in comparison to commercial (large-volume) 3D cultures, spheroids formed faster and were more functional in microfluidic devices. The viability and hepatic function decreased with increasing T-2 concentrations in both monoculture and co-cultures. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that exposure to T-2 upregulates the expression of multiple Phase I and Phase II hepatic enzymes. In addition, several pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins were increased in co-cultures after exposure to T-2.","journal":"Cells","year":2024,"id":444729,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9628,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":280998,"name":"Alan M. Gonzalez‐Suarez","orcid":"0000-0001-6442-4353","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":647510,"name":"Kihak Gwon","orcid":"0000-0002-2651-1074","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1260670,"name":"Samuel Romero","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1260186,"name":"A. D. Reyes-Figueroa","orcid":"0000-0001-6436-6755","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1260187,"name":"Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco","orcid":"0000-0002-6421-218X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":717797,"name":"María-José Ruiz","orcid":"0000-0003-4174-6688","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281000,"name":"Gulnaz Stybayeva","orcid":"0000-0002-1453-245X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":250286,"name":"Alexander Revzin","orcid":"0000-0002-8737-3250","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":491874,"name":"José M. de Hoyos‐Vega","orcid":"0000-0001-7537-1090","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1260185,"name":"Mercedes Taroncher","orcid":"0000-0002-8752-0951","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":76,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:37.886033Z","pmid":"38891032","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}