{"doi":"10.3390/cells11121933","title":"Using Extracellular Vesicles Released by GDNF-Transfected Macrophages for Therapy of Parkinson Disease","abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that facilitate transport of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, playing important roles in intracellular communication. They have remarkable potential as non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanocarriers for drug delivery to unreachable organs and tissues, in particular, the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we developed a novel platform based on macrophage-derived EVs to treat Parkinson disease (PD). Specifically, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of EVs secreted by autologous macrophages that were transfected ex vivo to express glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). EV-GDNF were collected from conditioned media of GDNF-transfected macrophages and characterized for GDNF content, size, charge, and expression of EV-specific proteins. The data revealed that, along with the encoded neurotrophic factor, EVs released by pre-transfected macrophages carry GDNF-encoding DNA. Four-month-old transgenic Parkin Q311(X)A mice were treated with EV-GDNF via intranasal administration, and the effect of this therapeutic intervention on locomotor functions was assessed over a year. Significant improvements in mobility, increases in neuronal survival, and decreases in neuroinflammation were found in PD mice treated with EV-GDNF. No offsite toxicity caused by EV-GDNF administration was detected. Overall, an EV-based approach can provide a versatile and potent therapeutic intervention for PD.","journal":"Cells","year":2022,"id":242870,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9502,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":469750,"name":"Matthew J. Haney","orcid":"0000-0001-8315-7641","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342459,"name":"John K. Fallon","orcid":"0000-0003-1848-0121","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2415,"name":"Myosotys Rodriguez","orcid":"0000-0002-3925-9023","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874562,"name":"Carson J. Swain","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874068,"name":"Camryn J. Arzt","orcid":"0000-0002-9087-139X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342461,"name":"Philip C. Smith","orcid":"0000-0003-2102-1209","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":98922,"name":"Matthew Shane Loop","orcid":"0000-0001-9442-4573","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333828,"name":"Emily B. Harrison","orcid":"0000-0002-6934-3875","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364232,"name":"Nazira El‐Hage","orcid":"0000-0002-8154-6763","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451491,"name":"Elena V. Batrakova","orcid":"0000-0002-9386-3790","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470620,"name":"Yuling Zhao","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:10.218426Z","pmid":"35741061","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}