{"doi":"10.3390/catal10060664","title":"Understanding the Photo- and Electro-Carboxylation of o-Methylbenzophenone with Carbon Dioxide","abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of understanding of the radical reaction mechanism of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in photo- and electro-catalysis results in the development of such applications far behind the traditional synthesis methods. Using methylbenzophenone as the model, we clarify and compare the photo-enolization/Diels−Alder (PEDA) mechanism for photo-carboxylation and the two-step single-electron reduction pathway for electro-carboxylation with CO2 through careful control experiments. The regioselective carboxylation products, o-acylphenylacetic acid and α-hydroxycarboxylic acid are obtained, respectively, in photo- and electro-chemistry systems. On the basis of understanding the mechanism, a one-pot step-by-step dicarboxylation of o-methylbenzophenone is designed and conducted. Both the experimental results and related density functional theory (DFT) calculation verify the feasibility of the possible pathway in which electro-carboxylation is conducted right after photo-carboxylation in one vessel. This synthesis approach may provide a mild, eco-friendly strategy for the production of polycarboxylic acids in industry.</jats:p>","journal":"Catalysts","year":2020,"id":661274,"datarank":0.40620753016533157,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":259265,"name":"Ruonan Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-1758-6151","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1726260,"name":"Jiafang Xu","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39920,"name":"Ge Yang","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1726265,"name":"Xintong Xu","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816850,"name":"Yanhua Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-4477-7570","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1726257,"name":"Keyi Tian","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Understanding the Photo- and Electro-Carboxylation of o-Methylbenzophenone with Carbon Dioxide","abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of understanding of the radical reaction mechanism of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in photo- and electro-catalysis results in the development of such applications far behind the traditional synthesis methods. Using methylbenzophenone as the model, we clarify and compare the photo-enolization/Diels−Alder (PEDA) mechanism for photo-carboxylation and the two-step single-electron reduction pathway for electro-carboxylation with CO2 through careful control experiments. The regioselective carboxylation products, o-acylphenylacetic acid and α-hydroxycarboxylic acid are obtained, respectively, in photo- and electro-chemistry systems. On the basis of understanding the mechanism, a one-pot step-by-step dicarboxylation of o-methylbenzophenone is designed and conducted. Both the experimental results and related density functional theory (DFT) calculation verify the feasibility of the possible pathway in which electro-carboxylation is conducted right after photo-carboxylation in one vessel. This synthesis approach may provide a mild, eco-friendly strategy for the production of polycarboxylic acids in industry.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19162232","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3036425175","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"21673117, 91956109","title":null},{"funder_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Foundation for Specially-Appointed Professor","grant_id":"none","title":null},{"funder_name":"Start-up Fund from Nanjing Tech University","grant_id":"39837126, 39837102","title":null}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":0.2858,"citation_percentile":0.45001433,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/6/664/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/6/664/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10060664","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7d1f83e2d02479999e3110d40e8f556","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060664","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis","Ionic liquids properties and applications"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Carboxylation","Carbon dioxide","Regioselectivity","Chemistry","Mechanism (biology)","Photochemistry","Reaction mechanism","Catalysis","Combinatorial chemistry","Organic chemistry","Biochemical engineering","Philosophy"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T10:43:06.742924Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}