{"doi":"10.3390/cancers16152625","title":"Adjuvant Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors after Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck: A Case-Control Study","abstract":"<jats:p>The development of new treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) after carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is essential because of the risk of distant metastases. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment to justify its inclusion in the regimen after CIRT. Thirty-four patients who received CIRT as an initial treatment were included in the analysis and stratified into three groups: those who did not receive ICIs (Group A), those who received ICIs after recurrence or metastasis (Group B), and those who received ICIs as adjuvant therapy after CIRT (Group C). In total, 62% of the patients (n = 21) received ICIs. The 2-year local control and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 90.0% and 66.8%, respectively. The 2-year OS rates for patients in Groups A, B, and C were 50.8%, 66.7%, and 100%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between Groups A and B (p = 0.192) and Groups B and C (p = 0.112). However, a significant difference was confirmed between Groups A and C (p = 0.017). Adjuvant therapy following CIRT for MMHN may be a promising treatment modality that can extend patient survival.</jats:p>","journal":"Cancers","year":2024,"id":638124,"datarank":0.3453877639491069,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"self_citation_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1657220,"name":"Kio Kano","orcid":"0000-0002-7348-9076","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657222,"name":"Tatsuya Okuda","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657224,"name":"Hiroaki Koge","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657226,"name":"Satoshi Shima","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657229,"name":"Keisuke Tsuchida","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657230,"name":"Yosuke Takakusagi","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657232,"name":"Shohei Kawashiro","orcid":"0000-0001-5524-3948","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657234,"name":"Manatsu Yoshida","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657235,"name":"Yuka Kitani","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657236,"name":"Kaori Hashimoto","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657238,"name":"Madoka Furukawa","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657239,"name":"Katsuyuki Shirai","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657240,"name":"Tadashi Kamada","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657241,"name":"Daisaku Yoshida","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657242,"name":"Hiroyuki Katoh","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1657219,"name":"Nobutaka Mizoguchi","orcid":"0000-0002-2464-7453","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Adjuvant Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors after Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck: A Case-Control Study","abstract":"<jats:p>The development of new treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) after carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is essential because of the risk of distant metastases. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment to justify its inclusion in the regimen after CIRT. Thirty-four patients who received CIRT as an initial treatment were included in the analysis and stratified into three groups: those who did not receive ICIs (Group A), those who received ICIs after recurrence or metastasis (Group B), and those who received ICIs as adjuvant therapy after CIRT (Group C). In total, 62% of the patients (n = 21) received ICIs. The 2-year local control and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 90.0% and 66.8%, respectively. The 2-year OS rates for patients in Groups A, B, and C were 50.8%, 66.7%, and 100%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between Groups A and B (p = 0.192) and Groups B and C (p = 0.112). However, a significant difference was confirmed between Groups A and C (p = 0.017). Adjuvant therapy following CIRT for MMHN may be a promising treatment modality that can extend patient survival.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39123353","pmcid":"PMC11311030","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4400952082","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corporation","grant_id":"2019-Epi-102","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":1.6424,"citation_percentile":0.86387606,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/15/2625/pdf?version=1721745571","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/15/2625/pdf?version=1721745571","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/15/2625/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16152625","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39123353","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11311030","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11311030/pdf/cancers-16-02625.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11311030","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11311030?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","Brain Metastases and Treatment","Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Adjuvant","Medicine","Mucosal melanoma","Radiation therapy","Head and neck","Melanoma","Head and neck cancer","Immune checkpoint","Immune system","Oncology","Adjuvant therapy","Cancer research","Immunotherapy","Internal medicine","Surgery","Immunology","Chemotherapy","Quality of life","Carbon Ion Radiotherapy","Cost–benefit Analysis","Nivolumab","Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T20:09:48.891607Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}