{"doi":"10.3390/cancers16101922","title":"A Novel Positive-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Line Marker for High-Dose-Rate (HDR) MRI-Assisted Radiosurgery (MARS)","abstract":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can facilitate accurate organ delineation and optimal dose distributions in high-dose-rate (HDR) MRI-Assisted Radiosurgery (MARS). Its use for this purpose has been limited by the lack of positive-contrast MRI markers that can clearly delineate the lumen of the HDR applicator and precisely show the path of the HDR source on T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences. We investigated a novel MRI positive-contrast HDR brachytherapy or interventional radiotherapy line marker, C4:S, consisting of C4 (visible on T1-weighted images) complexed with saline. Longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and transverse relaxation time (T2) for C4:S were measured on a 1.5 T MRI scanner. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) tubing filled with C4:S as an HDR brachytherapy line marker was tested for visibility on T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences in a tissue-equivalent female ultrasound training pelvis phantom. Relaxivity measurements indicated that C4:S solution had good T1-weighted contrast (relative to oil [fat] signal intensity) and good T2-weighted contrast (relative to water signal intensity) at both room temperature (relaxivity ratio > 1; r2/r1 = 1.43) and body temperature (relaxivity ratio > 1; r2/r1 = 1.38). These measurements were verified by the positive visualization of the C4:S (C4/saline 50:50) HDPE tube HDR brachytherapy line marker on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences. Orientation did not affect the relaxivity of the C4:S contrast solution. C4:S encapsulated in HDPE tubing can be visualized as a positive line marker on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences. MRI-guided HDR planning may be possible with these novel line markers for HDR MARS for several types of cancer.","journal":"Cancers","year":2024,"id":480177,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9619,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":345632,"name":"Yao Ding","orcid":"0000-0002-0559-5846","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379975,"name":"Teresa L. Bruno","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":527267,"name":"R. Jason Stafford","orcid":"0000-0003-4091-8417","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348524,"name":"Eric W. Lin","orcid":"0000-0002-1064-2010","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":419866,"name":"Tharakeswara Bathala","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-4519","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379027,"name":"Jeremiah Sanders","orcid":"0000-0002-5342-4128","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":387853,"name":"Matthew S. Ning","orcid":"0000-0002-2932-5584","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291611,"name":"Jingfei Ma","orcid":"0000-0003-2827-8891","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258162,"name":"Ann H. Klopp","orcid":"0000-0002-2081-0735","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274686,"name":"Aradhana M. Venkatesan","orcid":"0000-0002-5033-0820","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371590,"name":"Jihong Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-0073-7443","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":783438,"name":"Karen S. Martirosyan","orcid":"0000-0003-2493-0918","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":348525,"name":"Steven J. Frank","orcid":"0000-0001-6517-7884","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":250559,"name":"Li Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-2165-0080","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":80,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:06:58.305365Z","pmid":"38792000","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}