{"doi":"10.3390/bios11120505","title":"FRET Ratiometric Nanoprobes for Nanoparticle Monitoring","abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorescence labelling is often used for tracking nanoparticles, providing a convenient assay for monitoring nanoparticle drug delivery. However, it is difficult to be quantitative, as many factors affect the fluorescence intensity. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), taking advantage of the energy transfer from a donor fluorophore to an acceptor fluorophore, provides a distance ruler to probe NP drug delivery. This article provides a review of different FRET approaches for the ratiometric monitoring of the self-assembly and formation of nanoparticles, their in vivo fate, integrity and drug release. We anticipate that the fundamental understanding gained from these ratiometric studies will offer new insights into the design of new nanoparticles with improved and better-controlled properties.</jats:p>","journal":"Biosensors","year":2021,"id":29828,"datarank":1.564311961586943,"base_score":3.784189633918261,"endowment":3.784189633918261,"self_citation_contribution":0.5676284450877392,"citation_network_contribution":0.9966835164992038,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5676284450877392,"citer_contribution":0.9966835164992038,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":43,"citer_count":42,"citers_with_citation_signal":36,"citers_with_endowment":36,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":98679,"name":"Yun Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4377-1211","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":163522,"name":"Jisi Teng","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":163523,"name":"Chun-Xia Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-3365-3759","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":163521,"name":"Guangze Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-6194-1918","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.784189633918261,"endowment":3.784189633918261,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34940262","pmcid":"PMC8699184","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4200203554","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Australian Research Council","grant_id":"CE200100009, DP200101238, DP210103079","title":null},{"funder_name":"Australian Research Council (ARC)","grant_id":"CE200100009","title":"ARC Centres of Excellence - Grant ID: CE200100009"},{"funder_name":"Australian Research Council (ARC)","grant_id":"DP210103079","title":"Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP210103079"},{"funder_name":"Australian Research Council (ARC)","grant_id":"DP200101238","title":"Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP200101238"}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":2.5779,"citation_percentile":0.89771835,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":8},{"year":2023,"count":12},{"year":2024,"count":12},{"year":2025,"count":11}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/505/pdf?version=1639016822","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/505/pdf?version=1639016822","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/505/pdf?version=1639016822","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/12/505/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11120505","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34940262","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133936","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/007fdaa765974268981b9bb4bcc4eb4a","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11120505","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8699184","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8699184","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8699184?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11120505","host_type":""},{"url":"https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:daf87ec","host_type":""},{"url":"https://api.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:daf87ec","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11120505","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications","Medicine","Materials Science","Chemistry","02 engineering and technology","01 natural sciences","0104 chemical sciences","0210 nano-technology","Drug Delivery Systems","Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer","Fluorescent Dyes","Nanoparticles","Pharmaceutical Preparations"],"mesh_terms":["Pharmaceutical Preparations","Fluorescent Dyes","Drug Delivery Systems","Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer","Nanoparticles"],"keywords":["Förster resonance energy transfer","Fluorophore","Nanotechnology","Nanoparticle","Fluorescence","Drug delivery","Energy transfer","Chemistry","Biophysics","Materials science","Lipid","Nanoparticles","Polymer","Microfluidics","Nanomedicine","Clinical Biochemistry","General Medicine","Review","1308 Clinical Biochemistry","Drug Delivery Systems","Pharmaceutical Preparations","Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer","TP248.13-248.65","Biotechnology","Fluorescent Dyes"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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