{"doi":"10.3390/app132312951","title":"A Bilateral Craniectomy Technique for In Vivo Photoacoustic Brain Imaging","abstract":"Due to the high possibility of mechanical damage to the underlying tissues attached to the rat skull during a craniectomy, previously described methods for visualization of the rat brain in vivo are limited to unilateral craniotomies and small cranial windows, often measuring 4–5 mm. Here, we introduce a novel method for producing bilateral craniectomies that encompass frontal, parietal, and temporal bones via sequential thinning of the skull while preserving the dura. This procedure requires the removal of a portion of the temporalis muscle bilaterally, which adds an additional 2–3 mm exposure within the cranial opening. Therefore, while this surgery can be performed in vivo, it is strictly non-survival. By creating large, bilateral craniectomies, this methodology carries several key advantages, such as the opportunity afforded to test innovate imaging modalities that require a larger field of view and also the use of the contralateral hemisphere as a control for neurophysiological studies.","journal":"Applied Sciences","year":2023,"id":366485,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.954,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":931919,"name":"Mohsin Zafar","orcid":"0009-0004-2960-7006","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271093,"name":"Rayyan Manwar","orcid":"0000-0002-8550-8932","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":668172,"name":"Fady T. Charbel","orcid":"0000-0001-7816-2809","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271094,"name":"Kamran Avanaki","orcid":"0000-0002-1437-8456","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":882477,"name":"Laura Stone McGuire","orcid":"0000-0001-8063-9389","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":24,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:55.198227Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}