{"doi":"10.3390/antiox9020167","title":"Cocoa Flavonoids Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Experimental Model","abstract":"Consumption of flavonoid-rich nutraceuticals has been associated with a reduction in coronary events. The present study analyzed the effects of cocoa flavonols on myocardial injury following acute coronary ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). A commercially available cocoa extract was identified by chromatographic mass spectrometry. Nineteen different phenolic compounds were identified and 250 mg of flavan-3-ols (procyanidin) were isolated in 1 g of extract. Oral administration of cocoa extract in incremental doses from 5 mg/kg up to 25 mg/kg daily for 15 days in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30) produced a corresponding increase of blood serum polyphenols and become constant after 15 mg/kg. Consequently, the selected dose (15 mg/kg) of cocoa extract was administered orally daily for 15 days in a treated group (n = 10) and an untreated group served as control (n = 10). Both groups underwent surgical occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and reperfusion. Cocoa extract treatment significantly reversed membrane peroxidation, nitro-oxidative stress, and decreased inflammatory markers (IL-6 and NF-kB) caused by myocardial I/R injury and enhanced activation of both p-Akt and p-Erk1/2. Daily administration of cocoa extract in rats is protective against myocardial I/R injury and attenuate nitro-oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitigates myocardial apoptosis.","journal":"Antioxidants","year":2020,"id":94110,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":38,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9543,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":469278,"name":"Naseer Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0001-8724-0039","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469279,"name":"Alessio Rungatscher","orcid":"0000-0003-4724-120X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469280,"name":"Daniele Linardi","orcid":"0000-0003-1265-9374","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469281,"name":"Bibi Kulsoom","orcid":"0000-0002-5655-8076","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469282,"name":"Giulio Innamorati","orcid":"0000-0003-0123-8777","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469283,"name":"Sultan Ayoub Meo","orcid":"0000-0001-9820-1852","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469284,"name":"Mebratu Alebachew Gebrie","orcid":"0000-0003-1125-3110","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470487,"name":"Romel Mani","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470488,"name":"Flavia Merigo","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469285,"name":"Flavia Guzzo","orcid":"0000-0003-2946-1962","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":469286,"name":"Giuseppe Faggian","orcid":"0000-0001-5371-5761","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":470486,"name":"Sajeela Ahmed","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:32:04.778261Z","pmid":"32085604","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}