{"doi":"10.3390/antibiotics9060302","title":"Proteomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance, and Production of Antimicrobial and Virulence Factors in Streptococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Could Enzybiotics Represent Novel Therapeutic Agents Against These Pathogens?","abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus spp. are major mastitis pathogens present in dairy products, which produce a variety of virulence factors that are involved in streptococcal pathogenicity. These include neuraminidase, pyrogenic exotoxin, and M protein, and in addition they might produce bacteriocins and antibiotic-resistance proteins. Unjustifiable misuse of antimicrobials has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in foodstuffs. Identification of the mastitis-causing bacterial strain, as well as determining its antibiotic resistance and sensitivity is crucial for effective therapy. The present work focused on the LC–ESI–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of tryptic digestion peptides from mastitis-causing Streptococcus spp. isolated from milk. A total of 2706 non-redundant peptides belonging to 2510 proteins was identified and analyzed. Among them, 168 peptides were determined, representing proteins that act as virulence factors, toxins, anti-toxins, provide resistance to antibiotics that are associated with the production of lantibiotic-related compounds, or play a role in the resistance to toxic substances. Protein comparisons with the NCBI database allowed the identification of 134 peptides as specific to Streptococcus spp., while two peptides (EATGNQNISPNLTISNAQLNLEDKNK and DLWC*NM*IIAAK) were found to be species-specific to Streptococcus dysgalactiae. This proteomic repository might be useful for further studies and research work, as well as for the development of new therapeutics for the mastitis-causing Streptococcus strains.</jats:p>","journal":"Antibiotics","year":2020,"id":640469,"datarank":0.49983067652628066,"base_score":3.332204510175204,"endowment":3.332204510175204,"self_citation_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1664536,"name":"Mónica Carrera","orcid":"0000-0003-2973-449X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664537,"name":"Karola Böhme","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664538,"name":"Jorge Barros-Velázquez","orcid":"0000-0003-4742-9384","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664539,"name":"José-Luis R. Rama","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664540,"name":"Pilar Calo-Mata","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664541,"name":"Angeles Sánchez-Pérez","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664542,"name":"Tomás G. Villa","orcid":"0000-0001-6227-0792","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664535,"name":"Ana G. Abril","orcid":"0000-0002-9214-3273","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Proteomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance, and Production of Antimicrobial and Virulence Factors in Streptococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Could Enzybiotics Represent Novel Therapeutic Agents Against These Pathogens?","abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus spp. are major mastitis pathogens present in dairy products, which produce a variety of virulence factors that are involved in streptococcal pathogenicity. These include neuraminidase, pyrogenic exotoxin, and M protein, and in addition they might produce bacteriocins and antibiotic-resistance proteins. Unjustifiable misuse of antimicrobials has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in foodstuffs. Identification of the mastitis-causing bacterial strain, as well as determining its antibiotic resistance and sensitivity is crucial for effective therapy. The present work focused on the LC–ESI–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of tryptic digestion peptides from mastitis-causing Streptococcus spp. isolated from milk. A total of 2706 non-redundant peptides belonging to 2510 proteins was identified and analyzed. Among them, 168 peptides were determined, representing proteins that act as virulence factors, toxins, anti-toxins, provide resistance to antibiotics that are associated with the production of lantibiotic-related compounds, or play a role in the resistance to toxic substances. Protein comparisons with the NCBI database allowed the identification of 134 peptides as specific to Streptococcus spp., while two peptides (EATGNQNISPNLTISNAQLNLEDKNK and DLWC*NM*IIAAK) were found to be species-specific to Streptococcus dysgalactiae. This proteomic repository might be useful for further studies and research work, as well as for the development of new therapeutics for the mastitis-causing Streptococcus strains.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"32512932","pmcid":"PMC7344566","openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Xunta de Galicia","grant_id":"Predoctoral grant","title":null},{"funder_name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","grant_id":"AGL 2.013-48.244-R","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/302/pdf?version=1592407170","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/302/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/215635","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23857","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/a2708eb4627b4d3aa4e949d03b78639a","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060302","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7344566","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7344566","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7344566?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Mass spectrometry","Proteomics","virulence factors","Lc–esi–ms/ms","Streptococcus Spp","Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistance Peptides","Lantibiotic Production"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"gen"},{"name":"refseq"},{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T12:03:29.822777Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}