{"doi":"10.3389/phrs.2024.1606677","title":"Systematic Review of Longitudinal Evidence and Methodologies for Research on Neighborhood Characteristics and Brain Health","abstract":"Objective: Synthesize longitudinal research evaluating neighborhood environments and cognition to identify methodological approaches, findings, and gaps. Methods: Included studies evaluated associations between neighborhood and cognition longitudinally among adults >45 years (or mean age of 65 years) living in developed nations. We extracted data on sample characteristics, exposures, outcomes, methods, overall findings, and assessment of disparities. Results: Forty studies met our inclusion criteria. Most (65%) measured exposure only once and a majority focused on green space and/or blue space (water), neighborhood socioeconomic status, and recreation/physical activity facilities. Similarly, over half studied incident impairment, cognitive function or decline (70%), with one examining MRI (2.5%) or Alzheimer’s disease (7.5%). While most studies used repeated measures analysis to evaluate changes in the brain health outcome (51%), many studies did not account for any type of correlation within neighborhoods (35%). Less than half evaluated effect modification by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and/or sex/gender. Evidence was mixed and dependent on exposure or outcome assessed. Conclusion: Although longitudinal research evaluating neighborhood and cognitive decline has expanded, gaps remain in types of exposures, outcomes, analytic approaches, and sample diversity.","journal":"Public health reviews","year":2024,"id":432090,"datarank":0.5290721638352527,"base_score":2.772588722239781,"endowment":2.772588722239781,"self_citation_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citation_network_contribution":0.11318385549928546,"self_endowment_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citer_contribution":0.11318385549928546,"corpus_percentile":63.36350274619014,"corpus_rank":4737,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":14,"citers_with_citation_signal":6,"citers_with_endowment":6,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7785,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1236680,"name":"Araliya Senerat","orcid":"0000-0003-2157-5455","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1237159,"name":"Channa Buxbaum","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1237160,"name":"Ugonwa Ezeanyagu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325846,"name":"Timothy M. Hughes","orcid":"0000-0002-2919-7199","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258460,"name":"Kathleen M. Hayden","orcid":"0000-0002-7745-3513","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1237161,"name":"Julia Langmuir","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439560,"name":"Lilah M. Besser","orcid":"0000-0001-9945-0877","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426264,"name":"Brisa N. Sánchez","orcid":"0000-0002-4824-7200","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430752,"name":"Jana A. Hirsch","orcid":"0000-0003-3355-5558","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":541078,"name":"Yvonne L. Michael","orcid":"0000-0002-1494-8498","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":87,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:35.267142Z","pmid":"38596450","pmcid":"PMC11002187","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}