{"doi":"10.3389/ftubr.2024.1454277","title":"Test and treat approach for tuberculosis infection amongst household contacts of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis, Mumbai, India","abstract":"Background: Mumbai is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and is a major contributor to the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in India. A test and treat approach for TB infection (TBI) amongst household contacts (HHC) is part of the national policy for TB preventive treatment (TPT). However, in practice, the use of interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) tests for infection are limited, and prevalence of TBI in Mumbai is not known. Methods: Gold In-Tube Plus) tests to HHC aged 5 years and older. After ruling out active TB disease, HHC with IGRA-positive test results were referred for TPT. All HHC were monitored for at least 24 months for progression to active TB disease. Results: Among 502 HHCs tested, 273 (54%) had IGRA-positive results. A total of 254 (93%) were classified as TBI and were eligible for TPT, of which 215 (85%) initiated TPT, and 194 (90%) completed TPT successfully. There was substantial variation in rates of TBI per household. In 32% of households, all HHC (100%) were IGRA positive and in 64% of households >50% of HHC were infected. In all, 22 HHCs (4%; 22/558) were diagnosed with TB disease; of these, five HHC were diagnosed during follow up, of which three were IGRA positive and had no evidence of disease at initial screening but chose not to initiate TPT. Conclusion: A test and treat strategy for HHC resulted in the detection of a substantial proportion of TBI and secondary TB cases. Home-based IGRA testing led to high participation rates, clinical evaluations, TPT initiation, and early diagnoses of additional secondary cases. A community-focused, test and treat approach was feasible in this population and could be considered for broader implementation.","journal":"Frontiers in Tuberculosis","year":2024,"id":449240,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9557,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1268573,"name":"Sampada Bhide","orcid":"0000-0002-4563-423X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1269020,"name":"Rajesh Deshmukh","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":781383,"name":"Jonathan P. Smith","orcid":"0000-0002-6396-9164","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1269021,"name":"Satish Kaiplyawar","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1269022,"name":"Varsha Puri","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1268574,"name":"Vijay Yeldandi","orcid":"0000-0002-2184-9930","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1229439,"name":"Anand Date","orcid":"0000-0002-8860-0195","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1154045,"name":"Melissa Nyendak","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364038,"name":"Christine Ho","orcid":"0000-0002-2949-0184","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371437,"name":"Patrick K. Moonan","orcid":"0000-0002-3550-2065","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309689,"name":"Daksha Shah","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":52,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:02:16.291892Z","pmid":"39421397","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}