{"doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2023.1189861","title":"Estimating mortality and disability in Peru before the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of the Disease Study 2019","abstract":"Background: Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru's healthcare system performance. Methods: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), mortality, incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the major diseases and risk factors in Peru. Finally, we compared Peru with 16 countries in the Latin American (LA) region. Results: The Peruvian population reached 33.9 million inhabitants (49.9% women) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, LE at birth increased from 69.2 (95% uncertainty interval 67.8-70.3) to 80.3 (77.2-83.2) years. This increase was driven by the decline in under-5 mortality (-80.7%) and mortality from infectious diseases in older age groups (+60 years old). The number of DALYs in 1990 was 9.2 million (8.5-10.1) and reached 7.5 million (6.1-9.0) in 2019. The proportion of DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increased from 38.2% in 1990 to 67.9% in 2019. The all-ages and age-standardized DALYs rates and YLLs rates decreased, but YLDs rates remained constant. In 2019, the leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), ischemic heart disease, road injuries, and low back pain. The leading risk factors associated with DALYs in 2019 were undernutrition, high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and air pollution. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru experienced one of the highest LRIs-DALYs rates in the LA region. Conclusion: In the last three decades, Peru experienced significant improvements in LE and child survival and an increase in the burden of NCDs and associated disability. The Peruvian healthcare system must be redesigned to respond to this epidemiological transition. The new design should aim to reduce premature deaths and maintain healthy longevity, focusing on effective coverage and treatment of NCDs and reducing and managing the related disability.","journal":"Frontiers in Public Health","year":2023,"id":325083,"datarank":0.7325743595905125,"base_score":3.4965075614664802,"endowment":3.4965075614664802,"self_citation_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citation_network_contribution":0.2080982253705405,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citer_contribution":0.2080982253705405,"corpus_percentile":72.4839483252108,"corpus_rank":3558,"citation_count":32,"citer_count":26,"citers_with_citation_signal":17,"citers_with_endowment":17,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5538,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":37.5,"fair_percentile":50.687863038826045,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":756951,"name":"Victoria Pando‐Robles","orcid":"0000-0002-9633-5627","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":847690,"name":"Christian Razo","orcid":"0000-0002-0098-9563","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":672719,"name":"César Cárcamo","orcid":"0000-0002-2495-2490","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22664,"name":"Walter Mendoza","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":123033,"name":"Kevin Pacheco‐Barrios","orcid":"0000-0002-7166-2816","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":38941,"name":"J. Jaime Miranda","orcid":"0000-0002-4738-5468","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23131,"name":"Van Charles Lansingh","orcid":"0000-0002-0090-4195","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042015,"name":"Takele Gezahegn Demie","orcid":"0000-0002-6296-7706","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042016,"name":"Manika Saha","orcid":"0000-0002-9111-3195","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042017,"name":"Osaretin Christabel Okonji","orcid":"0000-0002-1511-2094","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042498,"name":"Arzu Yiğit","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":73145,"name":"Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado","orcid":"0000-0002-9438-1443","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":809993,"name":"Pamela Roxana Chacón-Uscamaita","orcid":"0000-0001-9462-5607","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22395,"name":"Eduardo Bernabé","orcid":"0000-0002-1858-3713","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":533402,"name":"Carlos Culquichicón","orcid":"0000-0001-5349-3521","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042018,"name":"Jesús Lorenzo Chirinos-Cáceres","orcid":"0000-0001-6462-171X","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22419,"name":"Rosario Cárdenas","orcid":"0000-0001-6586-8669","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75910,"name":"Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde‐Rabanal","orcid":"0000-0002-9172-2302","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305570,"name":"Francisco J. Barrera","orcid":"0000-0003-4210-0299","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22370,"name":"Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla","orcid":"0000-0002-2630-4569","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042499,"name":"Seyed Afshin Shorofi","orcid":null,"position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042019,"name":"Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe","orcid":"0000-0001-6025-6022","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042020,"name":"Nuno Ferreira","orcid":"0000-0002-5787-904X","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042021,"name":"Louay Almidani","orcid":"0009-0001-6769-5519","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":42501,"name":"Vivek Gupta","orcid":"0000-0002-0202-7843","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042022,"name":"Hanie Karimi","orcid":"0000-0001-9941-0437","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042500,"name":"Daniel Shewaye Alayu","orcid":null,"position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75779,"name":"Catherine P. Benziger","orcid":"0000-0002-8992-6197","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48395,"name":"Takeshi Fukumoto","orcid":"0000-0003-0364-711X","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255729,"name":"Ebrahim Mostafavi","orcid":"0000-0003-3958-5002","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042023,"name":"Elrashdy M. Redwan","orcid":"0000-0001-8246-0075","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1016520,"name":"Mesfin Gebrehiwot","orcid":"0000-0002-8124-5151","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48486,"name":"Khaled Khatab","orcid":"0000-0002-8755-3964","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105393,"name":"Ai Koyanagi","orcid":"0000-0002-9565-5004","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377035,"name":"Fiorella Krapp","orcid":"0000-0002-8404-2827","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042024,"name":"Seung Lee","orcid":"0000-0001-7641-2384","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042025,"name":"Maryam Noori","orcid":"0000-0001-7230-8934","position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1019501,"name":"Ibrahim Qattea","orcid":"0000-0002-6318-6418","position":38,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1019502,"name":"Víctor Rosenthal","orcid":"0000-0001-9138-4801","position":39,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515975,"name":"Joseph W. Sakshaug","orcid":"0000-0001-7520-353X","position":40,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042026,"name":"Birhanu Wagaye","orcid":"0000-0002-8198-7868","position":41,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":847707,"name":"Iman Zare","orcid":"0000-0002-0056-5576","position":42,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042027,"name":"Doris V Ortega-Altamirano","orcid":"0000-0003-4767-8268","position":43,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1019495,"name":"Efrén Murillo‐Zamora","orcid":"0000-0002-1118-498X","position":44,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":42448,"name":"Dominique Vervoort","orcid":"0000-0002-3142-0388","position":45,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22815,"name":"Diego Augusto Santos Silva","orcid":"0000-0002-0489-7906","position":46,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042501,"name":"Abderrahim Oulhaj","orcid":null,"position":47,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042028,"name":"Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna","orcid":"0000-0002-3347-2069","position":48,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042029,"name":"Rahul Mehra","orcid":"0000-0003-0299-4443","position":49,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1013797,"name":"Mehrdad Amir‐Behghadami","orcid":"0000-0001-6723-6438","position":50,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042502,"name":"Nasrin Adib","orcid":null,"position":51,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341946,"name":"Sandra Cortés","orcid":"0000-0003-3293-1419","position":52,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":61099,"name":"Anh Kim Dang","orcid":"0000-0002-6816-1148","position":53,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1042030,"name":"Binh Thanh Nguyen","orcid":"0000-0002-5925-5273","position":54,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103412,"name":"Ali H. Mokdad","orcid":"0000-0002-4994-3339","position":55,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":17594,"name":"Simon I. Hay","orcid":"0000-0002-0611-7272","position":56,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22918,"name":"Christopher J L Murray","orcid":"0000-0002-4930-9450","position":57,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22304,"name":"Rafael Lozano","orcid":"0000-0002-7356-8823","position":58,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":262272,"name":"Patricia García","orcid":"0000-0003-3874-2256","position":59,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":61512,"name":"María Jesús Ríos-Blancas","orcid":"0000-0001-7100-9262","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":64,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:08:16.809511Z","pmid":"37427272","pmcid":"PMC10325574","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":50.0,"fair_i":40.0,"fair_r":41.6667,"fair_zscore":0.1208,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":37.5,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No persistent identifier scheme string is given for the dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No repository is named as the holder of the data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement points at the article and supplementary material, not at a repository record.","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No itemised inventory of the dataset exists; only study findings are described.","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":50.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data are stated to be included in the open-access article and supplementary material, with no precondition.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper does not label the access level of the data. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The data are not sensitive or human-subject, so no gatekeeper is named.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No temporal commitment is made about the availability or persistence of the data.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":40.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format is named for the released data.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"All estimates are reported according to the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (Supplementary Table 1) (26).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The only standard named is a manuscript reporting guideline, not a data or metadata standard. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper references the GBD 2019 study, a resource the data depend on, with a DOI. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":41.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)","grounded":true,"rationale":"The article is under CC BY, which applies to the article content including the data presented. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not describe the production of its own data; it describes the GBD methodology. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No code locator is provided for the study's own code.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"D43TW009343","grounded":true,"rationale":"A specific award number is given for a funder.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No persistent identifier scheme string is given for the dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No repository is named as the holder of the data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format is named for the released data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No code locator is provided for the study's own code.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No version token or date is given for the dataset. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","why":"The statement points at the article and supplementary material, not at a repository record.","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No itemised inventory of the dataset exists; only study findings are described.","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","why":"The paper does not label the access level of the data. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In clinical / human-subjects, describe the data with OMOP CDM, CDISC SDTM or HL7 FHIR.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All estimates are reported according to the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (Supplementary Table 1) (26).","why":"The only standard named is a manuscript reporting guideline, not a data or metadata standard. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not describe the production of its own data; it describes the GBD methodology. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object is named for the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human clinical / human-subjects data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The data are not sensitive or human-subject, so no gatekeeper is named.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No temporal commitment is made about the availability or persistence of the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI)."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:33:52.102898Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}