{"doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2023.1159348","title":"The role of kurtosis and kurtosis-adjusted energy metric in occupational noise-induced hearing loss among metal manufacturing workers","abstract":"Background Noise energy has been well-established to increase the risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). However, the role of noise temporal structure (expressed by kurtosis) or its combination with energy metrics (e.g., kurtosis-adjusted cumulative noise exposure, adj-CNE) in occupational NIHL was still unclear. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 867 Chinese workers, including 678 metal manufacturing workers and 189 workers exposed to Gaussian noise, was conducted. Noise energy metrics, including L Aeq,8h and CNE, kurtosis (β), and adj-CNE were used to quantify noise exposure levels. Noise-induced permanent threshold shift at frequencies 3, 4, and 6 kHz (NIPTS 346 ) and the prevalence of high-frequency NIHL (HFNIHL%) were calculated for each participant. The dose–response relationship between kurtosis or adj-CNE and occupational NIHL was observed. Results Among 867 workers, different types of work had specific and independent noise energy and kurtosis values ( p > 0.05). HFNIHL% increased with an increase in exposure duration (ED), L Aeq,8h , CNE, or kurtosis ( p < 0.01), and there were strong linear relationships between HFNIHL% and ED (coefficient of determination [ R 2 ] = 0.963), CNE ( R 2 = 0.976), or kurtosis ( R 2 = 0.938, when CNE < 100 dB(A)∙year). The “V” shape notching extent in NIPTS became deeper with increasing kurtosis when CNE < 100 dB(A)∙year and reached the notching bottom at the frequency of 4 or 6 kHz. The workers exposed to complex noise (β ≥ 10) had a higher risk of NIHL than those exposed to Gaussian noise (β < 10) at the frequencies of 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz (OR > 2, p < 0.01). Moreover, HFNIHL% increased with adj-CNE ( p < 0.001). There were strong linear relationships between NIHL and adj-CNE or CNE when β ≥ 10 ( R 2 adj-CNE > R 2 CNE ). After CNE was adjusted by kurtosis, average differences in NIPTS 346 or HFNIHL% between the complex and Gaussian noise group were significantly reduced ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Kurtosis was a key factor influencing occupational NIHL among metal manufacturing workers, and its combination with energy metrics could assess the risk of NIHL more effectively than CNE alone.","journal":"Frontiers in Public Health","year":2023,"id":371344,"datarank":0.29188652235829704,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.902,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":354183,"name":"Hua Zou","orcid":"0000-0002-8142-1813","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425864,"name":"Lei Song","orcid":"0000-0001-5890-1774","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1131394,"name":"Jiarui Xin","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1131395,"name":"Peiyi Qian","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":915237,"name":"Yun Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-5753-1265","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474697,"name":"Yingqi Chen","orcid":"0009-0004-8897-0104","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":538068,"name":"Kuai Yu","orcid":"0000-0001-9699-4780","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":354180,"name":"Meibian Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-6839-737X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1130963,"name":"Shuangyan Liu","orcid":"0009-0006-1140-7369","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:15:45.330525Z","pmid":"37457253","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}