{"doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1689719","title":"Trends in cannabis use disorder and treatment by race and ethnicity, 2002–2019","abstract":"Aims/background: As cannabis use continues to increase in the United States, racialized stereotypes and structural barriers to care might lead to inequitable treatment uptake across racialized groups. A greater understanding of racial disparities in cannabis treatment uptake and perceived treatment need among people with cannabis use disorder (CUD) in community-based samples is needed. Methods: Nationally representative data from the 2002-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N=1,005,421) included community-based people ages 12+ First, we assessed trends in CUD (i.e., meeting 2+ DSM-5 proxy CUD criteria) by racialized group. Among people with CUD (n=48,768), weighted logistic models regressed any CUD treatment, specialty CUD treatment, and perceived need for CUD treatment on racialized group and year, adjusting for age, gender, education, insurance, and criminal legal system exposure. We use interaction terms to examine group-specific trend differences. Results: Overall, 2.64% of the US population ages 12+ had CUD, including 2.47% of white, 1.23% of AAPI (Asian American and Pacific Islander), 4.83% of AIAN (American Indian and Alaska Native), 3.70% of Black, and 2.71% of Hispanic people. CUD increased slightly across all groups (overall annual OR: 1.01, 95% CI =1.01,1.02), with AAPI, Hispanic and people with more than one race seeing steeper increases (ORs: 1.02-1.04). Treatment use and perceived need decreased consistently and there were no group differences in these trends across racialized groups with CUD (ORs: 0.93-0.97). Black people with CUD had 21% lower odds of any treatment than white people (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI=0.65, 0.95). All racialized groups (except AAPI people) had higher odds of perceived need than white people (aORs: 1.59-1.73). Conclusion: Although all racialized groups had increasing CUD and decreasing CUD treatment use during the study period, the observed racialized disparities also persisted. For example, despite a higher prevalence of CUD among Black people compared to white people, Black people with CUD were less likely than their white counterparts to receive treatment and more likely to report perceived need. These disparities in CUD, treatment use, and perceived need underscore the need for CUD-related services overall and tailored services for racialized minorities, and especially Black people.","journal":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","year":2025,"id":524786,"datarank":0.24141568686511508,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":38.748356153786645,"corpus_rank":7799,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7131,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":20.8333,"fair_percentile":36.38031183124427,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1041124,"name":"Aabha Vora","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":410935,"name":"Evan L. Eschliman","orcid":"0000-0001-6478-4615","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340339,"name":"Pia M. Mauro","orcid":"0000-0003-2482-8841","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1398869,"name":"Mireia Triguero Roura","orcid":"0000-0002-3347-9471","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:50:16.562292Z","pmid":"41268379","pmcid":"PMC12626980","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":0.0,"fair_a":75.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":8.3333,"fair_zscore":-0.5389,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":20.83,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides a URL for the source data, not a persistent identifier for its own data.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper names the SAMHSA/NSDUH repository as the source of the data, not as the holder of the study's own data.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ . Data for 2002-2019 were used.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The statement exists but points to the source repository, not to a record for the study's own data. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"We used public-use NSDUH datasets from 2002-2019, which contained about 56,000 records each year (N = 1,005,421).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper describes the source dataset's size in prose, but not its own data; no itemised inventory of the study's own data exists. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for the study's own dataset appears in the reference list or body text; the only identifier is for the source data.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":75.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper states the data are publicly available with no stated precondition. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper explicitly labels the data as 'Publicly available', which is an access-level label. [majority verdict 'yes' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The studies involving humans were approved by Columbia Institutional Review Board Protocol AAAU8700.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No gatekeeper is named for the study's own data, which are not shared; the sentence only mentions IRB approval for the study.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ . Data for 2002-2019 were used.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper only states that source data are publicly available; it makes no temporal commitment about its own data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"All data analyses were performed in STATA version 19.5, and all loess plots were generated in R version 4.4.1 using the ggplot2 package version 3.5.1.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No file format is named for the study's own data; the sentence only mentions software used for analysis.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Study participants were considered to have DSM-5 proxy CUD if they had two or more of the nine criteria collected in the NSDUH, as described in Compton et al., 15.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper applies a DSM-5 proxy standard to the source data, but no community standard is named for the study's own data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides a URL identifier for the source NSDUH data, a resource other than the study's own dataset. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":8.33,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The CC BY license is applied to the article, not to the study's own data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper describes analysis methods but does not name the specific instruments or tools used to produce the original data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","grounded":false,"rationale":"No documentation object is named for the study's own data; the paper only points to the source data's location. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ . Data for 2002-2019 were used.","grounded":false,"rationale":"No version token or date is provided for the study's own data; the sentence only states the source data years. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"All data analyses were performed in STATA version 19.5, and all loess plots were generated in R version 4.4.1 using the ggplot2 package version 3.5.1.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names the software but provides no machine-resolvable locator for the code; no code is made available.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"ELE is funded by the NIH/NIDA grant (T32DA031099; PIs: Hasin & Martins).","grounded":true,"rationale":"A specific grant number (T32DA031099) is attached to a named funder. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","why":"The paper provides a URL for the source data, not a persistent identifier for its own data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","why":"The paper names the SAMHSA/NSDUH repository as the source of the data, not as the holder of the study's own data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).","why":"The CC BY license is applied to the article, not to the study's own data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","why":"No identifier for the study's own dataset appears in the reference list or body text; the only identifier is for the source data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"All data analyses were performed in STATA version 19.5, and all loess plots were generated in R version 4.4.1 using the ggplot2 package version 3.5.1.","why":"No file format is named for the study's own data; the sentence only mentions software used for analysis.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"All data analyses were performed in STATA version 19.5, and all loess plots were generated in R version 4.4.1 using the ggplot2 package version 3.5.1.","why":"The paper names the software but provides no machine-resolvable locator for the code; no code is made available.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ . Data for 2002-2019 were used.","why":"No version token or date is provided for the study's own data; the sentence only states the source data years. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ . Data for 2002-2019 were used.","why":"The statement exists but points to the source repository, not to a record for the study's own data. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"We used public-use NSDUH datasets from 2002-2019, which contained about 56,000 records each year (N = 1,005,421).","why":"The paper describes the source dataset's size in prose, but not its own data; no itemised inventory of the study's own data exists. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In clinical / human-subjects, describe the data with OMOP CDM, CDISC SDTM or HL7 FHIR.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Study participants were considered to have DSM-5 proxy CUD if they had two or more of the nine criteria collected in the NSDUH, as described in Compton et al., 15.","why":"The paper applies a DSM-5 proxy standard to the source data, but no community standard is named for the study's own data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper describes analysis methods but does not name the specific instruments or tools used to produce the original data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","why":"No documentation object is named for the study's own data; the paper only points to the source data's location. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human clinical / human-subjects data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The studies involving humans were approved by Columbia Institutional Review Board Protocol AAAU8700.","why":"No gatekeeper is named for the study's own data, which are not shared; the sentence only mentions IRB approval for the study.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ .","why":"The paper provides a URL identifier for the source NSDUH data, a resource other than the study's own dataset. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use- and-health/natio nal-releases/ . Data for 2002-2019 were used.","why":"The paper only states that source data are publicly available; it makes no temporal commitment about its own data. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:09:57.345176Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}