{"doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1429934","title":"Ten-words recall test: an effective tool to differentiate mild cognitive impairment from subjective cognitive decline","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are stages 2 and 3, respectively, of the Alzheimer’s continuum. The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog’s) ten-words recall test is a validated method for the early detection of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. However, limited studies have investigated its ability to differentiate between SCD and MCI.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>203 participants with SCD and 62 participants with MCI underwent multiple neuropsychological assessments. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MOCA-B) served as brief global cognition tests. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the potential factors affecting MCI. The accuracy of the ten-words recall test was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The neuropsychological assessment revealed significant differences in the ten-words recall test scores between the SCD (median age 61 years; 70.44% female) and MCI (median age 64 years; 61.29% female) groups (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), with the MCI group scoring the highest. Using a cut-off value of 3.15 for the ten-words recall test, sensitivity for distinguishing MCI from SCD reached 87%, while specificity stood at 61% (AUC 0.777, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). DeLong’s test indicated no statistically significant difference in the ten-words recall test’s ability to distinguish between SCD and MCI compared to the total score of ADAS-Cog (AUC 0.833, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>) and MMSE (AUC 0.784, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed when compared to MoCA-B (AUC 0.973, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In the population with an education level of ≤ 9 years, the optimal cut-off value for the ten-words recall test was 3.15, yielding a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 45% (AUC = 0.674, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.030). In the population with an education level &amp;gt; 9 years, the optimal cut-off value was 3.63, resulting in a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 71% (AUC = 0.785, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>The ten-words recall test from the ADAS-cog may detect MCI early owing to its simplicity and quick administration. It is an effective and convenient tool for rapidly identifying mild cognitive impairment.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","year":2024,"id":601695,"datarank":0.40620753016533157,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1542864,"name":"Qiansen Feng","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294888,"name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-7619-8311","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":863297,"name":"Linlin Li","orcid":"0009-0009-9506-3701","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1150842,"name":"Jiayu Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-6051-122X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1542865,"name":"Jiajing Wu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1436973,"name":"Li Dong","orcid":"0000-0002-3292-7834","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1542866,"name":"Tiejun Liu","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262954,"name":"Ziqi Wang","orcid":"0009-0006-7513-7185","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":769400,"name":"Hua Ren","orcid":"0000-0002-8809-7972","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Ten-words recall test: an effective tool to differentiate mild cognitive impairment from subjective cognitive decline","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are stages 2 and 3, respectively, of the Alzheimer’s continuum. The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog’s) ten-words recall test is a validated method for the early detection of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. However, limited studies have investigated its ability to differentiate between SCD and MCI.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>203 participants with SCD and 62 participants with MCI underwent multiple neuropsychological assessments. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MOCA-B) served as brief global cognition tests. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the potential factors affecting MCI. The accuracy of the ten-words recall test was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The neuropsychological assessment revealed significant differences in the ten-words recall test scores between the SCD (median age 61 years; 70.44% female) and MCI (median age 64 years; 61.29% female) groups (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), with the MCI group scoring the highest. Using a cut-off value of 3.15 for the ten-words recall test, sensitivity for distinguishing MCI from SCD reached 87%, while specificity stood at 61% (AUC 0.777, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). DeLong’s test indicated no statistically significant difference in the ten-words recall test’s ability to distinguish between SCD and MCI compared to the total score of ADAS-Cog (AUC 0.833, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>) and MMSE (AUC 0.784, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed when compared to MoCA-B (AUC 0.973, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In the population with an education level of ≤ 9 years, the optimal cut-off value for the ten-words recall test was 3.15, yielding a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 45% (AUC = 0.674, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.030). In the population with an education level &amp;gt; 9 years, the optimal cut-off value was 3.63, resulting in a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 71% (AUC = 0.785, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>The ten-words recall test from the ADAS-cog may detect MCI early owing to its simplicity and quick administration. It is an effective and convenient tool for rapidly identifying mild cognitive impairment.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39465050","pmcid":"PMC11502336","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4403342695","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":4.0378,"citation_percentile":0.95461142,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":11},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1429934/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1429934/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1429934/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1429934","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39465050","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11502336","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/960b3e860f064510a49309e3bf5362ec","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11502336/pdf/fpsyt-15-1429934.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11502336","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11502336?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","Medical Case Reports and Studies","Alzheimer's disease research and treatments"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Montreal Cognitive Assessment","Receiver operating characteristic","Recall","Cognition","Logistic regression","Neuropsychology","Neuropsychological test","Audiology","Boston Naming Test","Area under the curve","Medicine","Cognitive impairment","Internal medicine","Cognitive decline","Dementia","Test (biology)","Psychology","Disease","Psychiatry","Memory","Neuropsychological Assessment","Mild Cognitive Impairment","Word Recall","Subjective Cognitive Decline"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Quality Education"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-29T17:08:22.964511Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}