{"doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861","title":"Association Between Psychological Distress, Cognitive Complaints, and Neuropsychological Status After a Severe COVID-19 Episode: A Cross-Sectional Study","abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Cognitive complaints are frequent after COVID-19 but their clinical determinants are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the associations of objective cognitive performances and psychological distress with cognitive complaints in COVID-19 survivors.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:</jats:bold> Patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 in a university hospital during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in France were followed-up at 1 month after their admission. Cognitive complaints were self-reported and standardized instruments were used to assess neuropsychological status (Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, Mini Mental Status Examination) and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS). Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, admission in intensive care unit (ICU) and need for oxygen and C-reactive protein.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> One hundred patients (34% women, median age: 60 years [interquartile range: 49–72)] completed the neuropsychological assessment at follow-up. In multivariable analyses, cognitive complaints at 1-month were associated with greater HADS score (OR for one interquartile range: OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.08–3.57) and older age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) and, negatively, with admission in ICU (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–0.90). In contrast, none of the objective neuropsychological test scores was significantly associated with cognitive complaints. Exploratory analysis showed that cognitive complaints were associated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:</jats:bold> These preliminary results suggest that cognitive complaints at 1 month after a hospitalization for COVID-19 are associated with psychological distress, independently of objective neuropsychological status. Anxiety and depression symptoms should be systematically screened in patients presenting with cognitive complaints after a severe COVID-19 episode.</jats:p>","journal":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","year":2021,"id":611754,"datarank":0.5983476069846413,"base_score":3.9889840465642745,"endowment":3.9889840465642745,"self_citation_contribution":0.5983476069846413,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5983476069846413,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":53,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1574701,"name":"Hugo Bottemanne","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1574702,"name":"Khadija Lahlou-Laforêt","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":712448,"name":"Anne Blanchard","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1574703,"name":"Sven Günther","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1574704,"name":"Salma El Batti","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1574705,"name":"Edouard Auclin","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424548,"name":"Frédéric Limosin","orcid":"0000-0002-0976-1514","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":854291,"name":"Jean-Sébastien Hulot","orcid":"0000-0001-5463-6117","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1193276,"name":"David Lebeaux","orcid":"0000-0002-7164-831X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424545,"name":"Cédric Lemogne","orcid":"0000-0002-3487-4721","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1574700,"name":"Clément Gouraud","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Association Between Psychological Distress, Cognitive Complaints, and Neuropsychological Status After a Severe COVID-19 Episode: A Cross-Sectional Study","abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Cognitive complaints are frequent after COVID-19 but their clinical determinants are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the associations of objective cognitive performances and psychological distress with cognitive complaints in COVID-19 survivors.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:</jats:bold> Patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 in a university hospital during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in France were followed-up at 1 month after their admission. Cognitive complaints were self-reported and standardized instruments were used to assess neuropsychological status (Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, Mini Mental Status Examination) and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS). Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, admission in intensive care unit (ICU) and need for oxygen and C-reactive protein.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> One hundred patients (34% women, median age: 60 years [interquartile range: 49–72)] completed the neuropsychological assessment at follow-up. In multivariable analyses, cognitive complaints at 1-month were associated with greater HADS score (OR for one interquartile range: OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.08–3.57) and older age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) and, negatively, with admission in ICU (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–0.90). In contrast, none of the objective neuropsychological test scores was significantly associated with cognitive complaints. Exploratory analysis showed that cognitive complaints were associated with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:</jats:bold> These preliminary results suggest that cognitive complaints at 1 month after a hospitalization for COVID-19 are associated with psychological distress, independently of objective neuropsychological status. Anxiety and depression symptoms should be systematically screened in patients presenting with cognitive complaints after a severe COVID-19 episode.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.9889840465642745,"endowment":3.9889840465642745,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34539470","pmcid":"PMC8446522","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3198880336","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","grant_id":"ANR-16-ECVD-0011","title":"Communication between cardiomyocytes and innate immune cells in failing hearts"},{"funder_name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","grant_id":"ANR-18-CE14-0032","title":"PW1+ stromal Cells In Cardiac Fibrosis"},{"funder_name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","grant_id":"ANR-19-CE17-0013","title":"Gene editing therapeutics for LMNA cardiomyopathy"},{"funder_name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","grant_id":"ANR-17-CE17-0015","title":"NAD+ precursor supplementation for metabolic therapy of heart failure"}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":4.5655,"citation_percentile":0.96084163,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":14},{"year":2023,"count":15},{"year":2024,"count":14},{"year":2025,"count":7},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34539470","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03350875","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03565377","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e1659e5dbbe4171b2fc2dff0c4e8676","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8446522","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8446522","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8446522","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8446522?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861/pdf","host_type":""},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.725861","host_type":""},{"url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03350875v1/document","host_type":""},{"url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03350875v1","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","COVID-19 and Mental Health","03 medical and health sciences","0302 clinical medicine"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Interquartile range","Anxiety","Medicine","Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","Cognition","Neuropsychology","Clinical psychology","Verbal fluency test","Cross-sectional study","Psychiatry","Psychology","Internal medicine","Attention","Depression","Concentration","Comorbidity","Psychiatric Disorder","Covid-19","Long Covid","[SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health","RC435-571"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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