{"doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2020.593952","title":"Structural MRI Study of the Planum Temporale in Individuals With an At-Risk Mental State Using Labeled Cortical Distance Mapping","abstract":"Background: Recent studies have demonstrated brain structural changes that predate or accompany the onset of frank psychosis, such as schizophrenia, among individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS). The planum temporale (PT) is a brain region involved in language processing. In schizophrenia patients, gray matter volume reduction and lack of normal asymmetry (left > right) of PT have repeatedly been reported. Some studies showed progressive gray matter reduction of PT in first-episode schizophrenia patients, and in ARMS subjects during their development of psychosis. Methods: MRI scans (1.5 T field strength) were obtained from 73 ARMS subjects and 74 gender- and age-matched healthy controls at three sites (University of Toyama, Toho University and Tohoku University). Participants with ARMS were clinically monitored for at least 2 years to confirm whether they subsequently developed frank psychosis. Cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and surface area of PT were estimated using FreeSurfer-initiated labeled cortical distance mapping (FSLCDM). PT measures were compared among healthy controls, ARMS subjects who later developed overt psychosis (ARMS-P), and those who did not (ARMS-NP). In each statistical model, age, sex, intracranial volume, and scanning sites were treated as nuisance covariates. Results: Of 73 ARMS subjects, 18 developed overt psychosis (12 schizophrenia and 6 other psychoses) within the follow-up period. There were no significant group differences of PT measures. In addition, significant asymmetries of PT volume and surface area (left > right) were found in all diagnostic groups. PT measures did not correlate with the neurocognitive performance of ARMS subjects. Discussion: Our results suggest that the previously-reported gray matter reduction and lack of normal anatomical asymmetry of PT in schizophrenia patients may not emerge during the prodromal stage of psychosis; taken together with previous longitudinal findings, such PT structural changes may occur just before or during the onset of psychosis.","journal":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","year":2020,"id":113475,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":354532,"name":"Sue Kulason","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535338,"name":"Daiki Sasabayashi","orcid":"0000-0001-8512-7438","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535339,"name":"Tsutomu Takahashi","orcid":"0000-0003-3213-6183","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535340,"name":"Naoyuki Katagiri","orcid":"0000-0001-7631-061X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535341,"name":"Atsushi Sakuma","orcid":"0000-0002-9290-5311","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535342,"name":"Noriyuki Ohmuro","orcid":"0000-0001-6257-2715","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535952,"name":"Masahiro Katsura","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535953,"name":"Shimako Nishiyama","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535343,"name":"Mihoko Nakamura","orcid":"0000-0002-0910-7774","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535954,"name":"Mikio Kido","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535955,"name":"Atsushi Furuichi","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535344,"name":"Kyo Noguchi","orcid":"0000-0002-6305-8045","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535345,"name":"Kazunori Matsumoto","orcid":"0000-0002-5753-0104","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535956,"name":"Masafumi Mizuno","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":463459,"name":"J. Tilak Ratnanather","orcid":"0000-0002-8631-489X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535346,"name":"Michio Suzuki","orcid":"0000-0001-6150-8957","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239037,"name":"Yoichiro Takayanagi","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":39,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:21.458038Z","pmid":"33329144","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}