{"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2023.1210567","title":"A low-calorie diet raises β-aminoisobutyric acid in relation to glucose regulation and leptin independent of exercise in women with obesity","abstract":"Introduction: β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a suggested cytokine secreted from skeletal muscles that regulates insulin sensitivity, pancreatic function, and fat oxidation. However, no studies to date have examined if a low-calorie diet (LCD) or LCD + with interval exercise (LCD + INT) differentially raises BAIBA. The purpose was to examine if LCD or LCD + INT raises circulating BAIBA in relation to cardiometabolic health. Methods: For this , twenty-three women with obesity were randomized to either 2-weeks of LCD ( n = 12, 48.4 ± 2.5 y, 37.84 ± 1.5 kg/m 2 ; ∼1200 kcal/day) or LCD + INT ( n = 11, 47.6 ± 4.3 y, 37.9 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 ; ∼60 min/d of INT alternating 3 min of 90% and 50% HRpeak), with matched energy availability. Fasting BAIBA and adipokines along with glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and FFA after every 30 min up to 120 min were obtained during a 75 g OGTT to estimate total area under the curve (tAUC), insulin sensitivity (SI IS ), pancreatic function [disposition index (DI)], and hepatic insulin clearance (HIC). Fuel use (indirect calorimetry) was tested at 0, 60, and 120 min of the OGTT along with fitness (VO 2 peak) and body composition (BodPod). Results: Both treatments lowered body weight ( p < 0.001) and leptin ( p < 0.001) but raised BAIBA ( p = 0.007) and insulin sensitivity ( p = 0.02). LCD + INT increased VO 2 peak ( p = 0.02) and REE tAUC 120min ( p = 0.02) while LCD and LCD + INT decreased carbohydrate oxidation (CHO ox ) tAUC 120min ( p < 0.001). Increased BAIBA associated with reduced weight ( r = −0.67, p < 0.001), leptin ( r = −0.66, p = 0.001), CHO ox tAUC 120min ( r = −0.44, p = 0.03) and DI muscle120min ( r = −0.45, p = 0.03), but elevated HIC 120min ( r = 0.47, p = 0.02). Discussion: Concluding, LCD and LCD + INT increased BAIBA in relation to reduced body weight and pancreatic function in women with obesity. This suggests energy deficit is a key factor regulating circulating BAIBA.","journal":"Frontiers in Physiology","year":2023,"id":354887,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9589,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":325154,"name":"Steven K. Malin","orcid":"0000-0002-7360-6711","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1102363,"name":"Habiba Faiz","orcid":"0000-0002-1040-6624","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:11.976628Z","pmid":"37362426","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}