{"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367","title":"Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 profiles in children","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D plays a major role in the musculoskeletal and immune system. Understanding the comprehensive mechanism of vitamin D receptors and the enzyme of vitamin D induction (CYP2R1) and inhibition (CYP24A1) in its metabolism is interesting. This study aims to understand vitamin D metabolism in Indonesian pediatrics, specifically in Jakarta, which has abundant sun exposure.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology</jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study with comparative, correlative, and multivariate analysis on vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 levels was conducted on 46 children with no known morbidity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result</jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were mostly male (52.2%), age group of 2–6 years (34.8%), and had sufficient vitamin D status (43.5%, median 27.55 ng/mL). Age was found to have a negative correlation with vitamin D levels (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.625) and CYP2R1 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.035; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.311). Significant positive associations were found between CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.046; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.296). Participants aged 0–2 are more likely to have a higher level of vitamin D status compared to those aged &amp;gt;2 years (OR 42.092, 95% CI [4.532–390.914], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001). VDR levels were significantly lower in insufficient vitamin D levels than in the sufficient group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.018). VDR and vitamin D status had a positive relation (OR 7.023, 95% CI [1.864–26.453], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D levels decrease with the increase in age. Vitamin D receptor level has an inline-level progression with vitamin D level. CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 suggest a directly proportional relationship. Vitamin D screening and supplementation in children older than 2 years old are suggested.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Frontiers in Nutrition","year":2024,"id":676704,"datarank":0.29188652235829704,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1768095,"name":"Andhika Rachman","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1768100,"name":"Marsya Kaila Fatina","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1768106,"name":"Rizka Kurnia Gemilang","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1768111,"name":"Andi Trisnandi","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1768116,"name":"Fiona Valerie Muskananfola","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1768119,"name":"Media Fitri Isma Nugraha","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1768091,"name":"Anggraini Iriani","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 profiles in children","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D plays a major role in the musculoskeletal and immune system. Understanding the comprehensive mechanism of vitamin D receptors and the enzyme of vitamin D induction (CYP2R1) and inhibition (CYP24A1) in its metabolism is interesting. This study aims to understand vitamin D metabolism in Indonesian pediatrics, specifically in Jakarta, which has abundant sun exposure.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology</jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study with comparative, correlative, and multivariate analysis on vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 levels was conducted on 46 children with no known morbidity.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result</jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were mostly male (52.2%), age group of 2–6 years (34.8%), and had sufficient vitamin D status (43.5%, median 27.55 ng/mL). Age was found to have a negative correlation with vitamin D levels (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.625) and CYP2R1 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.035; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.311). Significant positive associations were found between CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.046; <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.296). Participants aged 0–2 are more likely to have a higher level of vitamin D status compared to those aged &amp;gt;2 years (OR 42.092, 95% CI [4.532–390.914], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001). VDR levels were significantly lower in insufficient vitamin D levels than in the sufficient group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.018). VDR and vitamin D status had a positive relation (OR 7.023, 95% CI [1.864–26.453], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D levels decrease with the increase in age. Vitamin D receptor level has an inline-level progression with vitamin D level. CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 suggest a directly proportional relationship. Vitamin D screening and supplementation in children older than 2 years old are suggested.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"38912300","pmcid":"PMC11190155","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4399526744","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.804,"citation_percentile":0.84489751,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367/pdf?isPublishedV2=False","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38912300","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11190155","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b3ef9bb2c12450d8f7834c24f7cdd5c","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11190155/pdf/fnut-11-1394367.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11190155","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11190155?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Vitamin D Research Studies","Menstrual Health and Disorders","Methodologies in Health Research and Practice"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["CYP24A1","Vitamin D and neurology","Calcitriol receptor","Internal medicine","Vitamin","Endocrinology","Medicine","vitamin D deficiency","Biology","Vitamin D","Vitamin D receptor","Adolescence","Pediatric","Cyp2r1"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-17T02:59:12.403045Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}